Implementing a Breastmilk Feeding Bundle in a Level IV NICU
Garrett, Morgan
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Problem: This metropolitan academic hospital provides care for children with complex health issues, including infants born as early as 22 weeks gestation in its Level IV Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Due to the lack of obstetric services, neonates are transferred from external birthing hospitals, leading to separation from their parents. This separation disrupts bonding and hinders the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding. Breast milk is vital as it reduces infection risks, addresses nutritional deficiencies, and alleviates complications associated with prematurity. A recent internal chart audit revealed that only 77.2% of eligible NICU infants had received breast milk by 30 days of life (DOL). Purpose: This quality improvement project aimed to enhance breast milk utilization among NICU infants at 30 DOL by promoting adherence to an evidence- based breast milk feeding bundle. Methods: An interdisciplinary team consisting of a Project Lead (PL), NICU nurses, lactation consultants (LC), and project champions developed a comprehensive feeding bundle. This bundle includes RN education, a Kangaroo Care (KC) decision pathway, KC sessions, and lactation consultations. Stakeholders, including staff nurses (n=200) and lactation consultants (n=3), participated in educational sessions focusing on the new workflows, the benefits of KC, and the importance of breastmilk feedings. Knowledge acquisition was confirmed through a sign-off roster. Workflow changes were closely monitored, requiring nurses to complete the KC pathway during each shift and to notify lactation consultants when breast milk was recognized as the preferred nutrition source. Reminders, resource handouts, and team huddles were implemented to support these initiatives. Results: Post- implementation outcomes showed that breast milk utilization increased to 83.7%, up from 77% during the pre-implementation phase representing a 6% improvement. Sixty-five percent (65%) of staff (n=131) completed the bundle education. The data showed that 94% of the KC decision pathways were completed, with 71% of infants eligible for KC care. Additionally, 100% of lactation consultations occurred for breast milk-fed infants and 83% for all non-breast milk-fed infants. Only 24% of KC sessions were conducted for breast milk-fed infants. A trend was observed at week 17, with six consecutive weeks showing 100% breast milk utilization. Conclusions: The findings indicated that the feeding bundle significantly affected breast milk utilization. Adherence to the KC decision pathway, early lactation consultation, and implementation of educational initiatives proved to be particularly beneficial. Keywords: NICU, Breastmilk, Bundle, quality improvement, infants
