Reducing Hospital Acquired Pressure Injuries; Implementation of a Best Practice Admission Bundle
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Moreno, Veronica L.
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Abstract
Problem: Hospital Acquired Pressure Injuries (HAPIs) affect over 2.5 million Americans annually, resulting in approximately 60,000 patient deaths from HAPI related complications (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2014). HAPIs lead to increased medical interventions, infections, extended hospital stays, and cost. A Medical-Surgical/Orthopedic unit in a large private, non-profit teaching hospital located in an urban area experienced a 150% rise in HAPI incidents from two cases in Fiscal Year (FY) 22 to five in FY23. Additionally, 63% of these injuries occurred within 14 days of admission. Purpose: To implement a HAPI Best Practice Admission Bundle (BPAB) as outlined by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) guidelines to reduce HAPI rates on a Medical-Surgical/Orthopedic unit, an evidence-based practice change, over 15-weeks. Methods: A HAPI Best Practice Admission Bundle (BPAB) was implemented for all adult inpatients admitted to the unit. The bundle included a two-person comprehensive skin assessment and Braden scale assessment within eight hours of admission, prompting selection of an appropriate care planned interventions guided by the lowest Braden scale subcategory. The project lead conducted weekly HAPI BPAB audits to assess compliance and track HAPI incidences. Data dissemination occurred bi-weekly to the unit stakeholders followed by discussion for project improvement. Results: HAPI BPAB compliance documentation, with all three-components, ranged from 3.4% (n=1)-53.8% (n=13), with an average of 30.3%. Skin assessment, Braden assessment and care plan interventions ranged 76.9% (n=10) - 100% (n=24), with an average of 88.9%; 76.9% (n=10) -100% (n=24), with an average of 90.7%; 83.3% (n=6) -100% (n=12), with an average of 99.0% respectively. Conclusions: The implementation of a HAPI BPAB, incorporating Braden Scale subcategory-driven interventions to address HAPI risks at the time of admission, demonstrated a positive impact on HAPI outcomes. A HAPI BPAB allowed for customization of evidence-based intervention to address the targeted problem for the admitted patient. Despite low documentation of HAPI BPAB compliance, a HAPI BPAB was successful in preventing HAPIs during the 15-week period with no reported HAPI incidents.
