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Model Definitions for Behavioral Health Emergency, Crisis, and Crisis- Related Services
Authors
SAMHSA
SAMHSA
Advisor
Date
2025-01-15
Embargo until
Language
Book title
Publisher
SAMHSA
Peer Reviewed
Type
Annual Report
Research Area
Jurisdiction
Other Titles
See at
Abstract
The Model Definitions for Behavioral Health Emergency, Crisis, and Crisis-Related Services document is a result of the dedication and collaboration that was led by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) 988 & Behavioral Health Crisis Coordinating Office and Center for Mental Health Services in connection with a diverse array of partners across the field that have been able to infuse best and promising practices into this guidance document. This publication serves as a foundational step to refining the nomenclature for emergency, crisis, and crisis-related services. This document will promote widespread alignment that we see as crucial in the standardization of services, as well as the ability to expand access to quality care. Per our collaborative discussions with partners and analysis of the rapidly evolving landscape of emergency, crisis, and crisis-related services, we believe that this is a fundamental step that will further the adoption of coverage of these services by a broader set of payors, help move us Towards a more financially sustainable landscape for these services, and further expand access and coverage nationwide.
Data Availibility
Data / Code Location
Table of Contents
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Overarching Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Crisis System Component: Someone to Contact. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1. 2. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline (988 Lifeline) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Other Behavioral Health Crisis Hotlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
3. 4. Peer-Operated Warmlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Other Behavioral Health Emotional Support Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Crisis System Component: Someone to Respond. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
5. 6. 7. 8. Behavioral Health Practitioner-Only (BHP-Only) MCT Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34
Co-Responder MCT Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
Mobile Response and Stabilization Services (MRSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
Community Outreach Teams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
Crisis System Component: A Safe Place for Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
No-Barrier or Low-Barrier Crisis Stabilization Settings
9. Hospital-Based Behavioral Health Emergency Stabilization Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
10. High-Intensity Behavioral Health Emergency Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53
11. High-Intensity Behavioral Health Extended Stabilization Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55
12. Moderate-Intensity Behavioral Health Crisis Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58
13. Moderate-Intensity Behavioral Health Extended Stabilization Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60
14. Behavioral Health Urgent Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
15. Peer Crisis Respite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65
16. Sobering Centers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
Referral Based Residential Services
17. Moderate-Intensity Crisis Residential Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
18. Low-Intensity Crisis Residential Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
19. Community Crisis Respite Apartments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Services Specific to Children, Youth, & Families
20. Children, Youth, and Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
20A. In-Home Stabilization Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78
20B. Youth & Family Crisis Respite Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .81
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Behavioral Health Crisis Services Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Endnotes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
Description
Citations
Altmetric:
Series/Report No.
Sponsors
SAMHSA - SAM296885 with SAMHSA, U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services (HHS).
Rights/Terms
Citation
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Model Definitions for Behavioral Health Emergency, Crisis, and Crisis-Related Services. HHS Publication No. SMA XX–xxxx [or PEPXX-XX-XX- XXX]: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services