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    Environmental stressors and cardio-metabolic disease: Part I-epidemiologic evidence supporting a role for noise and air pollution and effects of mitigation strategies

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    Author
    Munzel, T.
    Sørensen, M.
    Gori, T.
    Date
    2017
    Journal
    European Heart Journal
    Publisher
    Oxford University Press
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://www.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw269
    Abstract
    Traffic noise and air pollution together represent the two most important environmental risk factors in urbanized societies. The first of this two-part review discusses the epidemiologic evidence in support of the existence of an association between these risk factors with cardiovascular and metabolic disease. While independent effects of these risk factors have now clearly been shown, recent studies also suggest that the two exposures may interact with each other and with traditional risk factors such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. From a societal and policy perspective, the health effects of both air pollution and traffic noise are observed for exposures well below the thresholds currently accepted as being safe. Current gaps in knowledge, effects of intervention and their impact on cardiovascular disease, will be discussed in the last section of this review. Increased awareness of the societal burden posed by these novel risk factors and acknowledgement in traditional risk factor guidelines may intensify the efforts required for effective legislation to reduce air pollution and noise. Copyright The Author 2017.
    Keyword
    Air pollution
    Cardiovascular
    Environmental stressors
    Noise
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016231247&doi=10.1093%2feurheartj%2fehw269&partnerID=40&md5=770a99ff9322fd2d656eff7ec9380e1d; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/9951
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/eurheartj/ehw269
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2017

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