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    Environmental stressors and cardio-metabolic disease: Part II-mechanistic insights

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    Author
    Munzel, T.
    Sørensen, M.
    Gori, T.
    Date
    2017
    Journal
    European Heart Journal
    Publisher
    Oxford University Press
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://www.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw294
    Abstract
    Environmental factors can act as facilitators of chronic non-communicable diseases. Ambient noise and air pollution collectively outrank all other environmental risk factors in importance, contributing to over 75% of the disease and disability burden associated with known environmental risk factors. In the first part of this review, we discussed the global burden and epidemiologic evidence supporting the importance of these novel risk factors as facilitators of cardiometabolic disease. In this part, we will discuss pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for noise and air pollution-mediated effects. Akin to traditional cardiovascular risk factors, a considerable body of evidence suggests that these environmental agents induce low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and autonomic nervous system imbalance, thereby facilitating the development of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. Through their impact on traditional risk factors and via additional novel mechanisms, environmental risk factors may have much larger impact on cardiovascular events than currently appreciated. In the second part of this review, we discuss deficiencies and gaps in knowledge and opportunities for new research. Copyright The Author 2017.
    Keyword
    Air pollution
    Atherosclerosis
    Cardiometabolic disease
    Cardiovascular risk factor
    Environment
    Inflammation
    Noise
    Oxidative stress
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85016261401&doi=10.1093%2feurheartj%2fehw294&partnerID=40&md5=69f21df6884b556a5e88c61917ef05bc; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/9950
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/eurheartj/ehw294
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2017

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