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    Emerging Southeast Asian PfCRT mutations confer Plasmodium falciparum resistance to the first-line antimalarial piperaquine

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    Author
    Ross, Leila S.
    Dhingra, Satish K.
    Takala-Harrison, Shannon
    Date
    2018-12-01
    Journal
    Nature Communications
    Publisher
    Nature Publishing Group
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05652-0
    Abstract
    The widely used antimalarial combination therapy dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine (DHA + PPQ) has failed in Cambodia. Here, we perform a genomic analysis that reveals a rapid increase in the prevalence of novel mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter PfCRT following DHA + PPQ implementation. These mutations occur in parasites harboring the K13 C580Y artemisinin resistance marker. By introducing PfCRT mutations into sensitive Dd2 parasites or removing them from resistant Cambodian isolates, we show that the H97Y, F145I, M343L, or G353V mutations each confer resistance to PPQ, albeit with fitness costs for all but M343L. These mutations sensitize Dd2 parasites to chloroquine, amodiaquine, and quinine. In Dd2 parasites, multicopy plasmepsin 2, a candidate molecular marker, is not necessary for PPQ resistance. Distended digestive vacuoles were observed in pfcrt-edited Dd2 parasites but not in Cambodian isolates. Our findings provide compelling evidence that emerging mutations in PfCRT can serve as a molecular marker and mediator of PPQ resistance. © 2018, The Author(s).
    Sponsors
    unding for this work was provided in part by R01 AI50234 and R01 AI124678 (to D.A. F.), NRSA fellowship F32 AI120578 (to L.S.R.), R01 AI125579 (to S.T.H.), and the Intramural Research Program of the NIAID, NIH (R.M.F.).
    Keyword
    PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum
    piperaquine
    Malaria, Falciparum
    Drug Resistance
    Gene Editing
    Cambodia
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?partnerID=HzOxMe3b&scp=85051627566&origin=inward; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/9854
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/s41467-018-05652-0
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2018

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