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    Individual differences in regulatory mode moderate the effectiveness of a pilot mHealth trial for diabetes management among older veterans

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    Author
    Dugas, M.
    Crowley, K.
    Gao, G.G.
    Date
    2018
    Journal
    PLoS ONE
    Publisher
    Public Library of Science
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
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    See at
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192807
    Abstract
    mHealth tools to help people manage chronic illnesses have surged in popularity, but evidence of their effectiveness remains mixed. The aim of this study was to address a gap in the mHealth and health psychology literatures by investigating how individual differences in psychological traits are associated with mHealth effectiveness. Drawing from regulatory mode theory, we tested the role of locomotion and assessment in explaining why mHealth tools are effective for some but not everyone. A 13-week pilot study investigated the effectiveness of an mHealth app in improving health behaviors among older veterans (n = 27) with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes. We developed a gamified mHealth tool (DiaSocial) aimed at encouraging tracking of glucose control, exercise, nutrition, and medication adherence. Important individual differences in longitudinal trends of adherence, operationalized as points earned for healthy behavior, over the course of the 13-week study period were found. Specifically, low locomotion was associated with unchanging levels of adherence during the course of the study. In contrast, high locomotion was associated with generally stronger adherence although it exhibited a quadratic longitudinal trend. In addition, high assessment was associated with a marginal, positive trend in adherence over time while low assessment was associated with a marginal, negative trend. Next, we examined the relationship between greater adherence and improved clinical outcomes, finding that greater adherence was associated with greater reductions in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Findings from the pilot study suggest that mHealth technologies can help older adults improve their diabetes management, but a "one size fits all" approach may yield suboptimal outcomes. Copyright 2018 Dugas et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    Keyword
    DiaSocial
    mhealth tools
    Aged
    Aged, 80 and over
    Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
    Mobile Applications
    Patient Compliance
    Veterans
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043377102&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0192807&partnerID=40&md5=b8df94acf610d2877e5e643b7357d297; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/9254
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1371/journal.pone.0192807
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2018

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