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    Manipulation of Salmonella typhi gene expression impacts innate cell responses in the human intestinal mucosa

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    Author
    Salerno-Goncalves, R.
    Galen, J.E.
    Levine, J.J.
    Date
    2018
    Journal
    Frontiers in Immunology
    Publisher
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02543
    Abstract
    Although immunity induced by typhoid fever is moderated and short-lived, typhoid vaccination with the attenuated Ty21a oral vaccine generates long-lasting protection rates reaching up to 92%. Thus, there are important differences on how wild-type Salmonella and typhoid vaccine strains stimulate host immunity. We hypothesize that vaccine strains with different mutations might affect gut inflammation and intestinal permeability by different mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, we used an in vitro organotypic model of the human intestinal mucosa composed of human intestinal epithelial cells, lymphocytes/monocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. We also used six Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) strains: the licensed Ty21a oral vaccine, four typhoid vaccine candidates (i.e., CVD 908, CVD 909, CVD 910, and CVD 915) and the wild-type Ty2 strain. We found that genetically engineered S. Typhi vaccine strains elicit differential host changes not only in the intestinal permeability and secretion of inflammatory cytokines, but also in the phenotype and activation pathways of innate cells. These changes were distinct from those elicited by the parent wild-type S. Typhi and depended on the genetic manipulation. In sum, these results emphasize the importance of carefully selecting specific manipulations of the Salmonella genome in the development of typhoid vaccines. Copyright Copyright 2018 Salerno-Gonçalves, Galen, Levine, Fasano and Sztein. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
    Sponsors
    This work was supported, in part, by NIAID, NIH, DHHS federal research grants R01 AI036525 and U19 AI082655 (CCHI) to MS (AF and RS-G sub-project), by NIH grant DK048373 to AF, and NIH/NIAID Centers for Excellence in Translation Research grant U19 AI109776-01 (MM & MBS sub-project). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the sponsor, National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases or the National Institutes of Health.
    Keyword
    Gut
    Human
    Innate immunity
    Mucosal immunity
    Salmonella
    Typhoid vaccine
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85056344498&doi=10.3389%2ffimmu.2018.02543&partnerID=40&md5=6a7804ac7b1a2cdaf0089a498dddf889; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/9051
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3389/fimmu.2018.02543
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