Comparative Microbial Adherence to Various Implant Dental Restorative Materials

Abstract

The oral cavity contains the most complex microbial community of the body, which has more than 700 bacterial species. These microbial species colonize different habitats in the oral cavity. The biological interaction between dental restorative materials and the encompassing oral microbes is one of the most important factors for their clinical prognosis. Many studies have shown that there are distinctive interactions between the rate of microbial formation and the restoration material itself. Currently, there are several Implant Dental Restorative Materials on the market like poly-methyl methacrylate, feldspathic porcelain, dental zirconia, and dental composite resin. The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate initial adherence for C. albicans and S. aureus on five different implant dental restorative materials. Ten samples/group were constructed as 5mm x 5mm x 2.5 mm rectangles and were fabricated as per the manufacturer's instructions for each groups. Five groups were made from different types of materials: Polymethyl methacrylate denture material processed with the compression molding technique (PMMA), computer-aided design and computer-aided manufactured dental acrylic (CAD/CAM PMMA), feldspathic porcelain, dental zirconia, and pink dental composite resin. There was a significant difference between the five groups for C. Albicans (F=891.16, p=.0005). CFUs/ml for the pink dental composite resin were significantly higher than the other four groups. However, The dental zirconia group showed the lowest CFUs/ml for initial adherence between all the groups. For S. aureus, CFUs/ml for the pink dental composite resin was significantly higher than the other four groups. Heat polymerized PMMA and the CAD/CAM PMMA group showed significantly higher CFUs/ml than Feldspathic porcelain and dental zirconia groups. In conclusion, there was a significant difference between the five groups for initial adherence of C. albicans and S. aureus. The dental zirconia group showed the lowest initial adherence and the pink dental composite resin group showed the highest initial adherence for both microbes. Within limitation for this study, understanding what is the best for final dental restorative material from aspect of how much it could harbor microbes is an important factor in the final success of treatment and this study investigated this aspect under control conditions.