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    Enteroviruses Remodel Autophagic Trafficking through Regulation of Host SNARE Proteins to Promote Virus Replication and Cell Exit

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    Author
    Corona, A.K.
    Saulsbery, H.M.
    Corona, Velazquez, A.F.
    Date
    2018
    Journal
    Cell Reports
    Publisher
    Elsevier B.V.
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.003
    Abstract
    Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a medically important respiratory plus-strand RNA virus of children that has been linked to acute flaccid myelitis. We have determined that EV-D68 induces autophagic signaling and membrane formation. Autophagy, a homeostatic degradative process that breaks down protein aggregates and damaged organelles, promotes replication of multiple plus-strand viruses. Induction of autophagic signals promotes EV-D68 replication, but the virus inhibits the downstream degradative steps of autophagy in multiple ways. EV-D68 proteases cleave a major autophagic cargo adaptor and the autophagic SNARE SNAP29, which reportedly regulates fusion between autophagosome to amphisome/autolysosome. Although the virus inhibits autophagic degradation, SNAP29 promotes virus replication early in infection. An orphan SNARE, SNAP47, is shown to have a previously unknown role in autophagy, and SNAP47 promotes the replication of EV-D68. Our study illuminates a mechanism for subversion of autophagic flux and redirection of the autophagic membranes to benefit EV-D68 replication. Enterovirus D68, a medically important respiratory virus, benefits from signaling to the host degradation pathway of autophagy. Corona et al. show that EV-D68 disrupts autophagic degradation in multiple ways, including manipulation of cellular SNAREs, to promote replication and dissemination. This suggests that redirected autophagy promotes exit of virus from cells. Copyright 2018 The Authors
    Sponsors
    This work was funded by NIAID grant AI104928 to William T. Jackson. We thank Joseph Mauban and University of Maryland School of Medicine Center for Innovative Biomedical Resources, Confocal Microscopy Core - Baltimore, Maryland for help with the fluorescence work and Core resources. EM work utilized a sample preparation instrument that was purchased with funding from an NIH SIG grant ( 1S10RR26870-1 ) awarded to the University of Maryland-Baltimore. We thank Dr. J. Lindsay Whitton for the infectious clone for Coxsackievirus Woodruff. We thank Dr. Ru-ching Hsia for electron microscopy guidance and support. We also thank Dr. Honglin Luo and Yasir Mohamud for enlightening discussions and communication of results prior to publication.
    Keyword
    autophagy
    enterovirus D68
    EV-D68
    LC3
    p62
    SNAP29
    SNAP47
    SQSTM1
    STX17
    VAMP8
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85043978972&doi=10.1016%2fj.celrep.2018.03.003&partnerID=40&md5=b660284508da9a88f85b7130bd33520c; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/8951
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.003
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2018

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