Date
2018Journal
BMC CancerPublisher
BioMed Central Ltd.Type
Article
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Tumors develop multiple mechanisms of immune evasion as they progress, with some cancer types being inherently better at 'hiding' than others. With an increased understanding of tumor immune surveillance, immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment strategy for breast cancer, despite historically being thought of as an immunologically silent neoplasm. Some types of cancer, such as melanoma, bladder, and renal cell carcinoma, have demonstrated a durable response to immunotherapeutic intervention, however, breast neoplasms have not shown the same efficacy. The causes of breast cancer's immune silence derive from mechanisms that diminish immune recognition and others that promote strong immunosuppression. It is the mechanisms of immune evasion in breast cancers that are poorly defined. Thus, further characterization is critical for the development of better therapies. This brief review will seek to provide insight into the possible causes of weak immunogenicity and immune suppression mediated by breast cancers and highlight current immunotherapies being used to restore immune responses to breast cancer. Copyright 2018 The Author(s).Sponsors
This research was supported by grants R21CA184469 and R21CA199544 from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health to TJW. The funding body had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in writing the manuscript.Keyword
PD-1regulatory T cells
Cytokines
Dendritic Cells
Immunity
Immunotherapy
Lymphocytes
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
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https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85046629751&doi=10.1186%2fs12885-018-4441-3&partnerID=40&md5=65e43f7d4ef6d4137348f8bd0bd805db; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/8946ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1186/s12885-018-4441-3
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