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    The Role of Co-stimulatory/Co-inhibitory Signals in Graft-vs.-Host Disease

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    Author
    Kumar, S.
    Leigh, N.D.
    Cao, X.
    Date
    2018
    Journal
    Frontiers in immunology
    Publisher
    Frontiers Media
    Type
    Review
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2018.03003
    Abstract
    Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an effective immunotherapeutic approach for various hematologic and immunologic ailments. Despite the beneficial impact of allo-HCT, its adverse effects cause severe health concerns. After transplantation, recognition of host cells as foreign entities by donor T cells induces graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD). Activation, proliferation and trafficking of donor T cells to target organs and tissues are critical steps in the pathogenesis of GVHD. T cell activation is a synergistic process of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-anchored antigen and co-stimulatory/co-inhibitory signaling in the presence of cytokines. Most of the currently used therapeutic regimens for GVHD are based on inhibiting the allogeneic T cell response or T-cell depletion (TCD). However, the immunosuppressive drugs and TCD hamper the therapeutic potential of allo-HCT, resulting in attenuated graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect as well as increased vulnerability to infection. In view of the drawback of overbroad immunosuppression, co-stimulatory, and co-inhibitory molecules are plausible targets for selective modulation of T cell activation and function that can improve the effectiveness of allo-HCT. Therefore, this review collates existing knowledge of T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition with current research that may have the potential to provide novel approaches to cure GVHD without sacrificing the beneficial effects of allo-HCT.
    Keyword
    allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT)
    co-stimulation/co-inhibition
    graft -vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect
    graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD)
    T cells
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059796367&doi=10.3389%2ffimmu.2018.03003&partnerID=40&md5=87093651ec88983888110ad1aa5cfb2e; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/8904
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3389/fimmu.2018.03003
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