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    Differential contribution of Ca2+ sources to day and night BK current activation in the circadian clock

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    Author
    Whitt, J.P.
    McNally, B.A.
    Meredith, A.L.
    Date
    2018
    Journal
    Journal of General Physiology
    Publisher
    Rockefeller University Press
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.201711945
    Abstract
    Large conductance K+ (BK) channels are expressed widely in neurons, where their activation is regulated by membrane depolarization and intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+ i). To enable this regulation, BK channels functionally couple to both voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs) and channels mediating Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. However, the relationship between BK channels and their specific Ca2+ source for particular patterns of excitability is not well understood. In neurons within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)-the brain's circadian clock-BK current, VGCC current, and Ca2+ i are diurnally regulated, but paradoxically, BK current is greatest at night when VGCC current and Ca2+ i are reduced. Here, to determine whether diurnal regulation of Ca2+ is relevant for BK channel activation, we combine pharmacology with day and night patch-clamp recordings in acute slices of SCN. We find that activation of BK current depends primarily on three types of channels but that the relative contribution changes between day and night. BK current can be abrogated with nimodipine during the day but not at night, establishing that L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs) are the primary daytime Ca2+ source for BK activation. In contrast, dantrolene causes a significant decrease in BK current at night, suggesting that nighttime BK activation is driven by ryanodine receptor (RyR)-mediated Ca2+ i release. The N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channel blocker ?-conotoxin MVI IC causes a smaller reduction of BK current that does not differ between day and night. Finally, inhibition of LTCCs, but not RyRs, eliminates BK inactivation, but the BK ?2 subunit was not required for activation of BK current by LTCCs. These data reveal a dynamic coupling strategy between BK channels and their Ca2+ sources in the SCN, contributing to diurnal regulation of SCN excitability. Copyright 2018 Whitt et al.
    Sponsors
    We thank Chris Lingle for providing the ?2 KO mice, Teresa Giraldez for helpful discussions of the data, and Ivy Dick and Matt Trudeau for comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by grants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01-HL102758) to A.L. Meredith, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (T32-AR007592) to J.P. Whitt, and the American Physiological Society's Ryuji Ueno award to A.L. Meredith, sponsored by the S & R Foundation. The authors declare no competing financial interests. Author contributions: J.P. Whitt, B.A. McNally, and A.L. Meredith designed the experiments and analyzed the data. J.P. Whitt and B.A. McNally performed the experiments. J.P. Whitt and A.L. Meredith wrote the manuscript. Richard W. Aldrich served as editor
    Keyword
    Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
    Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated
    BKCa channels
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85041381336&doi=10.1085%2fjgp.201711945&partnerID=40&md5=659353dc1e56e5ac46228db34708c699; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/8895
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1085/jgp.201711945
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2018

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