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    Immunosuppressive treatment and the risk of diabetes in rheumatoid arthritis

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    Author
    Lillegraven, S.
    Greenberg, J.D.
    Reed, G.W.
    Date
    2019
    Journal
    PLoS ONE
    Publisher
    Public Library of Science
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
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    See at
    https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210459
    Abstract
    Objective Inflammation and anti-inflammatory treatments might influence the risk of diabetes. The objective of this study was to assess factors associated with incident diabetes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods The study population consisted of RA patients from a multi-center cohort study, Corrona. To assess risk associated with disease modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) exposure, we assessed five mutually exclusive DMARD groups. Additionally, we assessed the risk associated with body mass index (BMI, <25, 25-30, >30 kg/m2) and glucocorticoid usage. Incident cases of diabetes were confirmed through adjudication, and Cox regression models were fit to estimate the risk of incident diabetes. Results We identified 21,775 DMARD treatment regimens, the mean (SD) age at the index visit was 58 (13) years, disease duration 10 (10) years, and 30% used oral glucocorticoids at the time. Eighty-four incident cases of diabetes were confirmed within the treatment exposure periods. The hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval) for diabetes was significantly reduced in patients receiving TNF inhibitors, HR 0.35 (0.13, 0.91), compared to patients treated with non-biologic DMARDs other than hydroxychloroquine and methotrexate. Hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and use of other biologic DMARDs had a numerically reduced risk compared to the same group. Patients prescribed 7.5 mg of glucocorticoids had a HR of 2.33 (1.68, 3.22) of incident diabetes compared with patients not prescribed oral glucocorticoids. RA patients with a BMI >30 had a HR of 6.27 (2.97, 13.25) compared to patients with BMI 25. Conclusion DMARDs, glucocorticoids and obesity influenced the risk of incident diabetes in a large cohort of RA patients. Monitoring for the occurrence of diabetes should be part of routine RA management with a focus on specific subgroups.
    Sponsors
    Dr. Solomon receives grant support for mentoring from the National Institutes of Health (https://www.nih.gov), K24 AR055989. Corrona LLC funded the data collection and provided support in the form of salaries for authors KS and GR, but did not have any additional role in the study design, analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the 'author contributions' section.
    Rights/Terms
    ©2019 Lillegraven et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
    Keyword
    Diabetes
    Arthritis, Rheumatoid
    Antirheumatic Agents
    Glucocorticoids
    Body Mass Index
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060379573&doi=10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0210459&partnerID=40&md5=40e807f0fe2b970a89105279d531ce66; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/8660
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1371/journal.pone.0210459
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