Bursting at the seams: Molecular mechanisms mediating astrocyte swelling
Date
2019Journal
International Journal of Molecular SciencesPublisher
MDPI AGType
Review
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Brain swelling is one of the most robust predictors of outcome following brain injury, including ischemic, traumatic, hemorrhagic, metabolic or other injury. Depending on the specific type of insult, brain swelling can arise from the combined space-occupying effects of extravasated blood, extracellular edema fluid, cellular swelling, vascular engorgement and hydrocephalus. Of these, arguably the least well appreciated is cellular swelling. Here, we explore current knowledge regarding swelling of astrocytes, the most abundant cell type in the brain, and the one most likely to contribute to pathological brain swelling. We review the major molecular mechanisms identified to date that contribute to or mitigate astrocyte swelling via ion transport, and we touch upon the implications of astrocyte swelling in health and disease. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Sponsors
A.D.L. is supported by a grant from the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (R01NS096143). J.M.S. is supported by grants from the Department of Veterans Affairs (I01BX002889), the Department of Defense (SCI170199), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (R01HL082517) and the NINDS (R01NS060801; R01NS102589; R01NS105633).Keyword
AquaporinAstrocyte
Gap junction channels
Kir4.1
Na + /K + -ATPase
NKCC
SUR1-TRPM4
Swelling
TRPV4
VRAC
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https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85060145555&doi=10.3390%2fijms20020330&partnerID=40&md5=87c37a4ef58353c76fdf1485f2efb22a; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/8537ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3390/ijms20020330
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