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    Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza: a systematic review and meta-analysis of regulatory and mortality data

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    Author
    Heneghan, Carl
    Onakpoya, Igho
    Jones, Mark A., B.Sc., Ph.D.
    Doshi, Peter
    Del Mar, Chris
    Hama, Rokuro, M.D.
    Thompson, Matthew J.
    Spencer, Elizabeth A.
    Mahtani, Kamal R.
    Nunan, David, M.Sc., Ph.D.
    Howick, Jeremy
    Jefferson, Tom
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    Date
    2016
    Publisher
    NIHR Journals Library
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta20420
    Abstract
    Objectives: To investigate the practice of post-marketing studies in Germany during a three year period and to evaluate whether these trials meet the aims specified in the German Medicinal Products Act. Design: Survey of notifications submitted to German regulatory agencies before post-marketing studies were carried out, 2008-10. Setting: Notifications obtained through freedom of information requests to the three authorities responsible for registering post-marketing studies in Germany. Main outcome measures: Descriptive statistics of post-marketing studies, including the products under study, intended number of patients, intended number of participating physicians, proposed remunerations, study plan and protocol, and availability of associated scientific publications and reports on adverse drug reactions. Results: Information was obtained from 558 studies, with a median of 600 (mean 2331, range 2-75 000) patients and 63 (270, 0-7000) participating physicians per study. The median remuneration to physicians per patient was €200 (€441, €0-€7280) (£170, £0-£6200; $215, $0-$7820), with a total remuneration cost of more than €217m for 558 studies registered over the three year period. The median remuneration per participating physician per study was €2000 (mean €19 424), ranging from €0 to €2 080 000. There was a broad range of drugs and non-drug products, of which only a third represented recently approved drugs. In many notifications, data, information, and results were, by contract, strictly confidential and the sole property of the respective sponsor. No single adverse drug reaction report could be identified from any of the 558 post-marketing studies. Less than 1% of studies could be verified as published in scientific journals. Conclusions: Post-marketing studies are not improving drug safety surveillance. Sample sizes are generally too small to allow the detection of rare adverse drug reactions, and many participating physicians are strictly obliged to maintain confidentiality towards the sponsor. High remuneration and strict confidentiality clauses in these studies could influence the physicians’ reporting behaviours of adverse drug reactions.
    Description
    The study found that the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir cause small reductions in the time to first alleviation of influenza symptoms in adults. Oseltamivir increases the risk of nausea, vomiting, psychiatric events in adults and vomiting in children and has no protective effect on mortality among patients with 2009A/H1N1 influenza.
    Citation
    Heneghan CJ, Onakpoya I, Jones MA, Doshi P, Del Mar CB, Hama R, Thompson MJ, Spencer EA, Mahtani KR, Nunan D, Howick J, Jefferson T. (2016). Neuroaminidase Inhibitors for Influenza: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Regulatory and Mortality Data. Health Technology Assessment, 20(42), 1-242. DOI: 10.3310/hta20420
    Keyword
    neuraminidase inhibitors
    Influenza, Human
    Meta-Analysis
    Oseltamivir
    Oseltamivir--adverse effects
    Review
    Zanamivir
    Zanamivir--adverse effects
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/6656
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3310/hta20420
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    Dr. Peter Doshi

    entitlement

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