Purpose: To assess and compare caries experience based on an epidemiological “screening” examination and a routine examination with radiographs. Methods: 128 patients ages 5 to 10 years were included. An initial examination was done by a pediatric dentist in conditions simulating an epidemiological screening assessment. A second evaluation was done by eight postgraduate pediatric dental resident who conducted a routine clinical exam of the patient in the dental chair including radiographs. Results: By the epidemiological screening, the prevalence of untreated dental caries (Y/N) in primary and/or permanent teeth was 50% and the caries experience was 77%. After the routine examination with radiographs, the prevalence of untreated dental caries was 74.22% and caries experience was 90%. The severity of untreated dental caries was 2.0 and 3.9, and the severity of caries experience was 3.2 and 5.6 by the simulated epidemiological screening and routine examination with radiographs, respectively.

Photograph album of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery Alumni and Faculty. The album dates from 1901-1912. Album is available in the Internet Archive, see link.

Photograph album of the Baltimore College of Dental Surgery Alumni and Faculty. The album dates from 1883 to 1891. Album is available in the Internet Archive, see link.

Dysregulation of cellular signaling is instrumental in the promotion of tumor cell metabolism, proliferation, tissue invasion and metastasis. Molecular-based therapies for neoplastic diseases are designed to modulate or interact with cell surface receptors, intracellular cascades, or microenvironment components related to the extracellular matrix, tumor vasculature and immune response. To design these therapies, an improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings leading to tumor growth is essential. The overall aim of our investigation is identification of the molecular mechanisms associated with the induction of tumor cell migration and proliferation induced by Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), a pro-tumorigenic and pro-angiogenic factor, in head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC accounts for around 54,000 new cases and 11,000 deaths per year in the United States. Unfortunately, the clinical management of this tumor remains challenging. Our studies, divided into two research aims, use in vitro cell-based models together with signal transduction and cell and molecular biology methods. Our results demonstrate that: 1) ANGPTL4 is upregulated in human-derived dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs) and HNSCC cell lines, but not in normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs), suggesting an early and sustained role for ANGPTL4 in disease progression. ANGPTL4 is a molecular marker in biopsies from patients with mild-moderate or moderate oral epithelial dysplasia, primary HNSCC and metastatic HNSCC. ANGPTL4 is necessary and sufficient to promote cell migration in DOKs and HNSCCs lines. Binding of ANGPTL4 to neuropilin-1 (NRP1) leads to paxillin (PXN) phosphorylation and cell migration in an ABL1-dependent manner, exposing the ANGPTL4/NRP1/ABL1/PXN cascade as a vulnerable target for HNSCC treatment. 2) Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)- and Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated pathways cooperate in the upregulation of ANGPTL4 in normal and dysplastic oral keratinocytes and HNSCC cells. Besides EGF, the EGF ligand amphiregulin leads to an increase in ANGPTL4 and is upregulated in HNSCC lesions. ANGPTL4 activates the HNSCC molecular markers p38 MAPK, AKT and mTOR in NOKs; these kinases may act as potential intracellular regulators of the autocrine signals and paracrine secretions that ANGPTL4 activates to promote HNSCC tumorigenesis. Collectively, our findings suggest that ANGPTL4 and its associated signaling molecules are potential therapeutic targets in HNSCC clinical management.

Objective: To determine an optimal antero-posterior (AP) position of the maxillary central incisors (CI) and its relationship to the forehead in African American males. Methods: 95 smiling profile photographs were taken, evaluated by orthodontists and laypersons, and categorized in Group B, R or F. The CI position and forehead inclination (FI) were measured relative to glabella vertical (GV). Statistical analysis evaluated the relationship between CI position and FI, differences between groups, and differences between orthodontists and laypersons. Results: Optimal CI position was -2.1mm behind GV. There were no significant differences between orthodontists and laypersons. All group comparisons were significantly different, except Group B v Group R. The optimal CI position relative to GV and FI were not significantly correlated. Conclusions: The AP position of the CI relative to the forehead in African American males can be evaluated to determine the optimal AP position of the CI and optimal esthetics.

Purpose: An in vivo study to compare microtensile bond strength and resin tag density of a novel adhesive that relies on magnetic force. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five teeth were obtained from subjects. In the experimental group, teeth were restored with a novel nanoparticle adhesive and magnetic force (n=16). In the control group (n=9), no nanoparticle or magnetic force was used. Teeth were extracted and cut into beams. Microtensile bond strength and resin tag density were measured. A two tailed student t test was used to compare groups. P<0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was a significant increase of microtensile bond strength of the experimental group compared to controls (P= 0.025). The SEM images showed resin tag density was increased by a magnitude of two with the experimental group. Conclusion: Magnetic force improves the microtensile bond strength and resin tag density of resin adhesive when used in vivo.

This laboratory-based study investigated the accuracy of transferring the VDO of the maxillary/mandibular relationship when designing and fabricating digital dentures by evaluating two commonly used workflows: duplicate dentures (DD) and occlusion rims (OR). 15 STLs were obtained for each workflow. Three measurements in deviation (mm) were obtained, then 3D-deviation values were averaged for each workflow at each location. A two-way ANOVA was used for the statistical analysis to evaluate differences between the methods and location of measurement. The average deviation for OR was higher than DD at all locations of measurement. There was a statistically significant difference between the DD and OR workflows [F=46.00, p<0.0001]. There was no statistically significant difference in deviation between the points of measurement [F=0.15, p<0.86] or between the location and method [F=0.02, p<0.98]. The DD workflow exhibited less deviation in transfer of VDO than the OR workflow. The location of the measurements had no significance.