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    Intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration as precursors to suicide

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    Author
    Kafka, Julie M
    Moracco, Kathryn Beth E
    Taheri, Caroline
    Young, Belinda-Rose
    Graham, Laurie M
    Macy, Rebecca J
    Proescholdbell, Scott
    Date
    2022-03-25
    Journal
    SSM - Population Health
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101079
    Abstract
    It remains unclear how often and under what circumstances intimate partner violence (IPV) precedes suicide. Available research on IPV and suicide focuses largely on homicide-suicide, which is a rare event (<2% of suicides). We focus instead on single suicides (i.e., suicides unconnected to other violent deaths), which are the most common type of fatal violence in the US. Unfortunately, information about IPV circumstances is often unavailable for suicides. To address this gap, we sought to identify the proportion of single suicides that were preceded by IPV in North Carolina (NC), to describe the prevalence of IPV victimization and perpetration as precursors to suicide, and to explore how IPV-related suicides differ from other suicides. We used data from the NC Violent Death Reporting System (2010–2017, n = 9682 single suicides) and hand-reviewed textual data for a subset of cases (n = 2440) to document IPV circumstances. We had robust inter-rater reliability (Kappa: 0.73) and identified n = 439 IPV-related suicides. Most were males who had perpetrated nonfatal IPV (n = 319, 72.7%) prior to dying by suicide. Our findings suggest that IPV was a precursor for at least 4.5% of single suicides. Next, we conducted logistic regression analyses by sex comparing IPV-related suicides to other suicides. For both men and women, IPV was more common when the person who died by suicide had recently disclosed suicidal intent, was younger, used a firearm, and was involved with the criminal legal system, even after controlling for covariates. We also found sex-specific correlates for IPV circumstances in suicide. Combined with homicide-suicide data (reported elsewhere), IPV is likely associated with 6.1% or more of suicides overall. Results suggest clear missed opportunities to intervene for this unique subpopulation, such as suicide screening and referral in IPV settings (e.g., batterer intervention programs, Family Justice Centers) that is tailored by sex.
    Rights/Terms
    © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
    Keyword
    surveillance
    Suicide
    Intimate Partner Violence
    Firearms
    Domestic Violence
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/18524
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101079
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