Histology-Verified Intracranial Artery Calcification and Its Clinical Relevance With Cerebrovascular Disease.
Date
2022-01-24Journal
Frontiers in NeurologyPublisher
Frontiers Media S.A.Type
Article
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Intracranial artery calcification (IAC) was regarded as a proxy for intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS). IAC could be easily detected on routine computer tomography (CT), which was neglected by clinicians in the previous years. The evolution of advanced imaging technologies, especially vessel wall scanning using high resolution-magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI), has aroused the interest of researchers to further explore the characteristics and clinical impacts of IAC. Recent histological evidence acquired from the human cerebral artery specimens demonstrated that IAC could mainly involve two layers: the intima and the media. Accumulating evidence from histological and clinical imaging studies verified that intimal calcification is more associated with ICAS, while medial calcification, especially the internal elastic lamina, contributes to arterial stiffness rather than ICAS. Considering the highly improved abilities of novel imaging technologies in differentiating intimal and medial calcification within the large intracranial arteries, this review aimed to describe the histological and imaging features of two types of IAC, as well as the risk factors, the hemodynamic influences, and other clinical impacts of IAC occurring in intimal or media layers.Rights/Terms
Copyright © 2022 Du, Yang and Chen.Identifier to cite or link to this item
http://hdl.handle.net/10713/17974ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3389/fneur.2021.789035
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