Immunological Diversity Is a Cornerstone of Organismal Defense and Allorecognition across Metazoa.
Date
2022-01-15Journal
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)Publisher
American Association of ImmunologistsType
Article
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The ongoing arms race between hosts and microbes has fueled the evolution of novel strategies for diversifying the molecules involved in immune responses. Characterization of immune systems from an ever-broadening phylogenetic range of organisms reveals that there are many mechanisms by which this diversity can be generated and maintained. Diversification strategies operate at the level of populations, genomes, genes, and even individual transcripts. Lineage-specific innovations have been cataloged within the immune systems of both invertebrates and vertebrates. Furthermore, somatic diversification of immune receptor genes has now been described in jawless vertebrates and some invertebrate species. In addition to pathogen detection, immunological diversity plays important roles in several distinct allorecognition systems. In this Brief Review, we highlight some of the evolutionary innovations employed by a variety of metazoan species to generate the molecular diversity required to detect a vast array of molecules in the context of both immune response and self/nonself-recognition.Rights/Terms
Copyright © 2022 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.Identifier to cite or link to this item
http://hdl.handle.net/10713/17880ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.4049/jimmunol.2100754
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