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    Sex trafficking screening and intervention in the emergency department: A scoping review.

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    Author
    Marcinkowski, Bridget
    Caggiula, Amy
    Tran, Brandon N
    Tran, Quincy K
    Pourmand, Ali
    Date
    2022-01-15
    Journal
    Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open
    Publisher
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1002/emp2.12638
    Abstract
    Introduction: Human sex trafficking is a global public health crisis. Emergency departments (EDs) are important access points for trafficked persons who seek medical care. However, because of victims' hesitancy to disclose their situation and health care practitioners' lack of training and institutional protocols, many trafficked persons go unrecognized. Methods: We performed a scoping review of current literature. PubMed, SCOPUS, and reference lists were searched to identify articles for inclusion. We aimed to identify gaps in knowledge and shortcomings to assist this vulnerable population. Two reviewers independently screened literature search results and abstracted data from included studies. Descriptive analysis was conducted. Results: We selected and analyzed 23 studies that focused on adult human sex trafficking identification, screening, interventions, or education in the ED. Eight (35%) of the publications used a survey model to quantitatively assess outcomes. Many of the other publications were descriptive or qualitative in nature, with some using a structured interview approach. We have observed that no validated or consistent screening tool exists for the identification of possible adult trafficked patients in the ED. However, we found that educational interventions and screening tools can improve health care practitioners' confidence, victim identification, and knowledge of "next steps" for victims. Conclusions: We found that most ED clinicians and staff have little or no formal training in sex trafficking victim identification, support, institutional protocols, or available local resources. Our review demonstrates a paucity of formal training programs, validated adult screening tools, and standardized institutional protocols to aid in the care of trafficked patients in the ED.
    Rights/Terms
    © 2022 The Authors. JACEP Open published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Emergency Physicians.
    Keyword
    emergency department
    human trafficking
    intervention
    screening
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/17790
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1002/emp2.12638
    Scopus Count
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