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    Identifying transmission patterns through parasite prevalence and entomological inoculation rate

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    Author
    Amoah, Benjamin
    McCann, Robert S
    Kabaghe, Alinune N
    Mburu, Monicah
    Chipeta, Michael G
    Moraga, Paula
    Gowelo, Steven
    Tizifa, Tinashe
    van den Berg, Henk
    Mzilahowa, Themba
    Takken, Willem
    van Vugt, Michele
    Phiri, Kamija S
    Diggle, Peter J
    Terlouw, Dianne J
    Giorgi, Emanuele
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    Date
    2021-10-21
    Journal
    eLife
    Publisher
    eLife Sciences Publications
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.65682
    Abstract
    Background: Monitoring malaria transmission is a critical component of efforts to achieve targets for elimination and eradication. Two commonly monitored metrics of transmission intensity are parasite prevalence (PR) and the entomological inoculation rate (EIR). Comparing the spatial and temporal variations in the PR and EIR of a given geographical region and modelling the relationship between the two metrics may provide a fuller picture of the malaria epidemiology of the region to inform control activities. Methods: Using geostatistical methods, we compare the spatial and temporal patterns of Plasmodium falciparum EIR and PR using data collected over 38 months in a rural area of Malawi. We then quantify the relationship between EIR and PR by using empirical and mechanistic statistical models. Results: Hotspots identified through the EIR and PR partly overlapped during high transmission seasons but not during low transmission seasons. The estimated relationship showed a 1-month delayed effect of EIR on PR such that at lower levels of EIR, increases in EIR are associated with rapid rise in PR, whereas at higher levels of EIR, changes in EIR do not translate into notable changes in PR. Conclusions: Our study emphasises the need for integrated malaria control strategies that combine vector and human host managements monitored by both entomological and parasitaemia indices.
    Rights/Terms
    © 2021, Amoah et al.
    Keyword
    P. falciparum
    Plasmodium falciparum
    disease mapping
    entomological inoculation rate
    epidemiology
    global health
    malaria
    model-based geostatistics
    parasite prevalence
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16969
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.7554/eLife.65682
    Scopus Count
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