Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study
Date
2021-09-23Journal
Pain ReportsPublisher
Wolters Kluwer HealthType
Article
Metadata
Show full item recordSee at
https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000958http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc8476053/
Abstract
Introduction: The unknown and uncontrollable situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have triggered changes in pain, anxiety, and depression along with a perception of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms. Objectives: We determined how anxiety, depression, and pain outcomes varied during the “Stay-at-Home” order compared with the prepandemic period and whether nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms would occur. Methods: We conducted an online survey to opportunistically reassess clinical anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference while controlling for somatic symptom severity during the prepandemic and Stay-at-Home order period. During the Stay-at-Home period, anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference were reassessed. Coping strategies were assessed as a critical factor influencing pain behaviors. In addition, we explored the occurrence of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms with an ad hoc survey referencing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publicly available COVID-19 symptoms. Results: We observed a significant increase in depression and anxiety levels during the Stay-at-Home period. Coping strategy changes (eg, increased exercise) were linked to lower pain severity and interference which improved overall. Participants who self-reported nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms had higher prepandemic depression. Among the 72 participants not diagnosed with COVID-19, 70.8% of the participants experienced symptoms resembling those associated with COVID-19. Conclusion: We suggest the parallel between pain outcome improvement and worsening anxiety and depression during the Stay-at-Home order might reflect a shift in symptoms, indicating that those patients with underlying mood disorders may require more help than they did before the pandemic.Rights/Terms
Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of The International Association for the Study of Pain.Identifier to cite or link to this item
http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16777ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1097/PR9.0000000000000958
Scopus Count
Related articles
- Did the Physical and Mental Health of Orthopaedic Patients Change After the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic?
- Authors: Hollenberg AM, Yanik EL, Hannon CP, Calfee RP, O'Keefe RJ
- Issue date: 2023 Jan 25
- Lack of robust associations between prepandemic coping strategies and frontolimbic circuitry with depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A preregistered longitudinal study.
- Authors: Holt-Gosselin B, Cohodes EM, McCauley S, Foster JC, Odriozola P, Zacharek SJ, Kribakaran S, Haberman JT, Hodges HR, Gee DG
- Issue date: 2022 Dec
- Investigating the relationship of COVID-19 related stress and media consumption with schizotypy, depression, and anxiety in cross-sectional surveys repeated throughout the pandemic in Germany and the UK.
- Authors: Daimer S, Mihatsch LL, Neufeld SAS, Murray GK, Knolle F
- Issue date: 2022 Jul 4
- Characteristics of Patients with Non-Cancer Pain and Perceived Severity of COVID-19 Related Stress.
- Authors: Scherrer JF, Miller-Matero LR, Salas J, Sullivan MD, Secrest S, Autio K, Wilson L, Amick M, DeBar L, Lustman PJ, Gebauer S, Ahmedani B
- Issue date: 2022 May-Jun
- Meaning in Life and Self-Control Buffer Stress in Times of COVID-19: Moderating and Mediating Effects With Regard to Mental Distress.
- Authors: Schnell T, Krampe H
- Issue date: 2020