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    Using social contact data to improve the overall effect estimate of a cluster-randomized influenza vaccination program in Senegal

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    Author
    Potter, Gail E.
    Carnegie, Nicole Bohme
    Sugimoto, Jonathan D.
    Diallo, Aldiouma
    Victor, John C.
    Neuzil, Kathleen M.
    Halloran, M. Elizabeth
    Date
    2021-09-22
    Journal
    Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series C: Applied Statistics
    Publisher
    Wiley-Blackwell
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1111/rssc.12522
    Abstract
    This study estimates the overall effect of two influenza vaccination programs consecutively administered in a cluster-randomized trial in western Senegal over the course of two influenza seasons from 2009 to 2011. We apply cutting-edge methodology combining social contact data with infection data to reduce bias in estimation arising from contamination between clusters. Our time-varying estimates reveal a reduction in seasonal influenza from the intervention and a non-significant increase in H1N1 pandemic influenza. We estimate an additive change in overall cumulative incidence (which was 6.13% in the control arm) of -0.68 percentage points during Year 1 of the study (95% CI: −2.53, 1.18). When H1N1 pandemic infections were excluded from analysis, the estimated change was −1.45 percentage points and was significant (95% CI, −2.81, −0.08). Because cross-cluster contamination was low (0–3% of contacts for most villages), an estimator assuming no contamination was only slightly attenuated (−0.65 percentage points). These findings are encouraging for studies carefully designed to minimize spillover. Further work is needed to estimate contamination – and its effect on estimation – in a variety of settings. © 2021 Royal Statistical Society. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA
    Sponsors
    National Institutes of Health
    Keyword
    additive hazards
    cluster randomized
    contamination
    interference
    overall effect
    social network
    spillover
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16725
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1111/rssc.12522
    Scopus Count
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