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    Impact of cattle on the abundance of indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors in southern Malawi

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    Author
    Mburu, Monicah M
    Zembere, Kennedy
    Mzilahowa, Themba
    Terlouw, Anja D
    Malenga, Tumaini
    van den Berg, Henk
    Takken, Willem
    McCann, Robert S
    Date
    2021-08-26
    Journal
    Malaria journal
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03885-x
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/PMC8390081/
    Abstract
    Background Understanding the blood feeding preferences and resting habits of malaria vectors is important for assessing and designing effective malaria vector control tools. The presence of livestock, such as cattle, which are used as blood meal hosts by some malaria vectors, may impact malaria parasite transmission dynamics. The presence of livestock may provide sufficient blood meals for the vectors, thereby reducing the frequency of vectors biting humans. Alternatively, the presence of cattle may enhance the availability of blood meals such that infectious mosquitoes may survive longer, thereby increasing the risk of malaria transmission. This study assessed the effect of household-level cattle presence and distribution on the abundance of indoor and outdoor resting malaria vectors. Methods Houses with and without cattle were selected in Chikwawa district, southern Malawi for sampling resting malaria vectors. Prokopack aspirators and clay pots were used for indoor and outdoor sampling, respectively. Each house was sampled over two consecutive days. For houses with cattle nearby, the number of cattle and the distances from the house to where the cattle were corralled the previous night were recorded. All data were analysed using generalized linear models fitted with Poisson distribution. Results The malaria vectors caught resting indoors were Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.), Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles funestus s.s. Outdoor collections consisted primarily of An. arabiensis. The catch sizes of indoor resting An. gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) were not different in houses with and without cattle (P = 0.34). The presence of cattle near a house was associated with a reduction in the abundance of indoor resting An. funestus s.l. (P = 0.04). This effect was strongest when cattle were kept overnight ≤ 15 m away from the houses (P = 0.03). The blood meal hosts varied across the species. Conclusion These results highlight differences between malaria vector species and their interactions with potential blood meal hosts, which may have implications for malaria risk. Whereas An. arabiensis remained unaffected, the reduction of An. funestus s.s. in houses near cattle suggests a potential protective effect of cattle. However, the low abundance of mosquitoes reduced the power of some analyses and limited the generalizability of the results to other settings. Therefore, further studies incorporating the vectors’ host-seeking behaviour/human biting rates are recommended to fully support the primary finding.
    Rights/Terms
    © 2021. The Author(s).
    Keyword
    Anophelines
    Blood-meal hosts
    Cattle
    Indoors
    Outdoors
    Resting
    Zooprophylaxis
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16498
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1186/s12936-021-03885-x
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