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    G6PD distribution in sub-Saharan Africa and potential risks of using chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine based treatments for COVID-19

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    Author
    da Rocha, Jorge E B
    Othman, Houcemeddine
    Tiemessen, Caroline T
    Botha, Gerrit
    Ramsay, Michèle
    Masimirembwa, Collen
    Adebamowo, Clement
    Choudhury, Ananyo
    Brandenburg, Jean-Tristan
    Matshaba, Mogomotsi
    Simo, Gustave
    Gamo, Francisco-Javier
    Hazelhurst, Scott
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    Date
    2021-07-23
    Journal
    Pharmacogenomics Journal
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1038/s41397-021-00242-8
    Abstract
    Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine have been proposed as potential treatments for COVID-19. These drugs have warning labels for use in individuals with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Analysis of whole genome sequence data of 458 individuals from sub-Saharan Africa showed significant G6PD variation across the continent. We identified nine variants, of which four are potentially deleterious to G6PD function, and one (rs1050828) that is known to cause G6PD deficiency. We supplemented data for the rs1050828 variant with genotype array data from over 11,000 Africans. Although this variant is common in Africans overall, large allele frequency differences exist between sub-populations. African sub-populations in the same country can show significant differences in allele frequency (e.g. 16.0% in Tsonga vs 0.8% in Xhosa, both in South Africa, p = 2.4 × 10-3). The high prevalence of variants in the G6PD gene found in this analysis suggests that it may be a significant interaction factor in clinical trials of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for treatment of COVID-19 in Africans.
    Rights/Terms
    © 2021. The Author(s).
    Keyword
    Clinical Trials as Topic
    Chloroquine--adverse effects
    COVID-19
    Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency--genetics
    Hydroxychloroquine--adverse effects
    Africa South of the Sahara
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16394
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1038/s41397-021-00242-8
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    UMB Coronavirus Publications
    UMB Open Access Articles

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