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    Neural adaptations to long-term resistance training: evidence for the confounding effect of muscle size on the interpretation of surface electromyography

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    Author
    Škarabot, Jakob
    Balshaw, Thomas Grant
    Maeo, Sumiaki
    Massey, Garry J
    Lanza, Marcel Bahia
    Maden-Wilkinson, Thomas M
    Folland, Jonathan P
    Date
    2021-06-24
    Journal
    Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
    Publisher
    American Physiological Society
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00094.2021
    Abstract
    This study compared elbow flexor (EF; Experiment 1) and knee extensor (KE; Experiment 2) maximal compound action potential (Mmax) amplitude between long-term resistance trained (LTRT; n=15 and n=14, 6±3 and 4±1 years of training) and untrained (UT; n=14 and n=49) men; and examined the effect of normalising electromyography (EMG) during maximal voluntary torque (MVT) production to Mmax amplitude on differences between LTRT and UT. EMG was recorded from multiple sites and muscles of EF and KE, Mmax was evoked with percutaneous nerve stimulation, and muscle size was assessed with ultrasonography (thickness, EF) and magnetic resonance imaging (cross-sectional area, KE). Muscle-electrode distance (MED) was measured to account for the effect of adipose tissue on EMG and Mmax. LTRT displayed greater MVT (+66-71%, p<0.001), muscle size (+54-56%, p<0.001), and Mmax amplitudes (+29-60%, p≤0.010) even when corrected for MED (p≤0.045). Mmax was associated with the size of both muscle groups (r≥0.466, p≤0.011). Compared to UT, LTRT had higher absolute voluntary EMG amplitude for the KE (p<0.001), but not the EF (p=0.195), and these differences/similarities were maintained after correction for MED; however, Mmax normalisation resulted in no differences between LTRT and UT for any muscle and/or muscle group (p≥0.652). The positive association between Mmax and muscle size, and no differences when accounting for peripheral electrophysiological properties (EMG/Mmax), indicates the greater absolute voluntary EMG amplitude of LTRT might be confounded by muscle morphology, rather than provide a discrete measure of central neural activity. This study therefore suggests limited agonist neural adaptation after LTRT.
    Keyword
    M-wave
    Muscle excitability
    Sarcolemmal excitability
    Strength training
    Surface electromyography
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16198
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1152/japplphysiol.00094.2021
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