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    Epidemiology of the Rhinovirus (RV) in African and Southeast Asian Children: A Case-Control Pneumonia Etiology Study

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    Author
    Baillie, Vicky L
    Moore, David P
    Mathunjwa, Azwifarwi
    Baggett, Henry C
    Brooks, Abdullah
    Feikin, Daniel R
    Hammitt, Laura L
    Howie, Stephen R C
    Knoll, Maria Deloria
    Kotloff, Karen L
    Levine, Orin S
    O'Brien, Katherine L
    Scott, Anthony G
    Thea, Donald M
    Antonio, Martin
    Awori, Juliet O
    Driscoll, Amanda J
    Fancourt, Nicholas S S
    Higdon, Melissa M
    Karron, Ruth A
    Morpeth, Susan C
    Mulindwa, Justin M
    Murdoch, David R
    Park, Daniel E
    Prosperi, Christine
    Rahman, Mohammed Ziaur
    Rahman, Mustafizur
    Salaudeen, Rasheed A
    Sawatwong, Pongpun
    Somwe, Somwe Wa
    Sow, Samba O
    Tapia, Milagritos D
    Simões, Eric A F
    Madhi, Shabir A
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    Date
    2021-06-27
    Journal
    Viruses
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3390/v13071249
    Abstract
    Rhinovirus (RV) is commonly detected in asymptomatic children; hence, its pathogenicity during childhood pneumonia remains controversial. We evaluated RV epidemiology in HIV-uninfected children hospitalized with clinical pneumonia and among community controls. PERCH was a case-control study that enrolled children (1-59 months) hospitalized with severe and very severe pneumonia per World Health Organization clinical criteria and age-frequency-matched community controls in seven countries. Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for all participants, combined, and tested for RV and 18 other respiratory viruses using the Fast Track multiplex real-time PCR assay. RV detection was more common among cases (24%) than controls (21%) (aOR = 1.5, 95%CI:1.3-1.6). This association was driven by the children aged 12-59 months, where 28% of cases vs. 18% of controls were RV-positive (aOR = 2.1, 95%CI:1.8-2.5). Wheezing was 1.8-fold (aOR 95%CI:1.4-2.2) more prevalent among pneumonia cases who were RV-positive vs. RV-negative. Of the RV-positive cases, 13% had a higher probability (>75%) that RV was the cause of their pneumonia based on the PERCH integrated etiology analysis; 99% of these cases occurred in children over 12 months in Bangladesh. RV was commonly identified in both cases and controls and was significantly associated with severe pneumonia status among children over 12 months of age, particularly those in Bangladesh. RV-positive pneumonia was associated with wheezing.
    Keyword
    PERCH
    childhood
    epidemiology
    pneumonia
    rhinovirus
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16170
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/v13071249
    Scopus Count
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