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    Estimates of Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Children in Senegal: Results From 2 Consecutive Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trials in 2010 and 2011

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    Author
    Niang, Mbayame Nd
    Sugimoto, Jonathan D
    Diallo, Aldiouma
    Diarra, Bou
    Ortiz, Justin R
    Lewis, Kristen D C
    Lafond, Kathryn E
    Halloran, M Elizabeth
    Widdowson, Marc-Alain
    Neuzil, Kathleen M
    Victor, John C
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    Date
    2020-11-09
    Journal
    Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
    Publisher
    Oxford University Press
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1689
    Abstract
    Background We report results of years 2 and 3 of consecutive cluster-randomized controlled trials of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) in Senegal. Methods We cluster-randomized (1:1) 20 villages to annual vaccination with IIV3 or inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) of age-eligible residents (6 months–10 years). The primary outcome was total vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza illness (LCI) among age-eligible children (modified intention-to-treat population [mITT]). Secondary outcomes were indirect (herd protection) and population (overall community) vaccine effectiveness. Results We vaccinated 74% of 12 408 age-eligible children in year 2 (June 2010–April 11) and 74% of 11 988 age-eligible children in year 3 (April 2011–December 2011) with study vaccines. Annual cumulative incidence of LCI was 4.7 (year 2) and 4.2 (year 3) per 100 mITT child vaccinees of IPV villages. In year 2, IIV3 matched circulating influenza strains. The total effectiveness was 52.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.3–67.0), and the population effectiveness was 36.0% (95% CI, 10.2–54.4) against LCI caused by any influenza strain. The indirect effectiveness against LCI by A/H3N2 was 56.4% (95% CI, 39.0–68.9). In year 3, 74% of influenza detections were vaccine-mismatched to circulating B/Yamagata and 24% were vaccine-matched to circulating A/H3N2. The year 3 total effectiveness against LCI was −14.5% (95% CI, −81.2–27.6). Vaccine effectiveness varied by type/subtype of influenza in both years. Conclusions IIV3 was variably effective against influenza illness in Senegalese children, with total and indirect vaccine effectiveness present during the year when all circulating strains matched the IIV3 formulation. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00893906.
    Rights/Terms
    Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America 2020.
    Keyword
    Africa
    children
    cluster-randomized trial
    influenza vaccine
    vaccine effectiveness
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16107
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1093/cid/ciaa1689
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