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    Autonomous Robotic Point-of-Care Ultrasound Imaging for Monitoring of COVID-19-Induced Pulmonary Diseases

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    Author
    Al-Zogbi, Lidia
    Singh, Vivek
    Teixeira, Brian
    Ahuja, Avani
    Bagherzadeh, Pooyan Sahbaee
    Kapoor, Ankur
    Saeidi, Hamed
    Fleiter, Thorsten
    Krieger, Axel
    Date
    2021-05-25
    Journal
    Frontiers in Robotics and AI
    Publisher
    Frontiers Media S.A.
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.645756
    Abstract
    The COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a serious global health crisis, with the predominant morbidity and mortality linked to pulmonary involvement. Point-of-Care ultrasound (POCUS) scanning, becoming one of the primary determinative methods for its diagnosis and staging, requires, however, close contact of healthcare workers with patients, therefore increasing the risk of infection. This work thus proposes an autonomous robotic solution that enables POCUS scanning of COVID-19 patients’ lungs for diagnosis and staging. An algorithm was developed for approximating the optimal position of an ultrasound probe on a patient from prior CT scans to reach predefined lung infiltrates. In the absence of prior CT scans, a deep learning method was developed for predicting 3D landmark positions of a human ribcage given a torso surface model. The landmarks, combined with the surface model, are subsequently used for estimating optimal ultrasound probe position on the patient for imaging infiltrates. These algorithms, combined with a force–displacement profile collection methodology, enabled the system to successfully image all points of interest in a simulated experimental setup with an average accuracy of 20.6 ± 14.7 mm using prior CT scans, and 19.8 ± 16.9 mm using only ribcage landmark estimation. A study on a full torso ultrasound phantom showed that autonomously acquired ultrasound images were 100% interpretable when using force feedback with prior CT and 88% with landmark estimation, compared to 75 and 58% without force feedback, respectively. This demonstrates the preliminary feasibility of the system, and its potential for offering a solution to help mitigate the spread of COVID-19 in vulnerable environments. © Copyright © 2021 Al-Zogbi, Singh, Teixeira, Ahuja, Bagherzadeh, Kapoor, Saeidi, Fleiter and Krieger.
    Rights/Terms
    Copyright © 2021 Al-Zogbi, Singh, Teixeira, Ahuja, Bagherzadeh, Kapoor, Saeidi, Fleiter and Krieger.
    Keyword
    3D deep convolutional network
    3D landmark estimation
    COVID-19
    autonomous robotics
    force feedback
    point-of-care ultrasound
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/16009
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3389/frobt.2021.645756
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    UMB Coronavirus Publications
    UMB Open Access Articles

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