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    Alzheimer's disease-associated β-Amyloid does not protect against Herpes Simplex Virus 1 infection in the mouse brain

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    Author
    Bocharova, Olga
    Pandit, Narayan P
    Molesworth, Kara
    Fisher, Aidan
    Mychko, Olga
    Makarava, Natallia
    Baskakov, Ilia V
    Date
    2021-05-28
    Journal
    Journal of Biological Chemistry
    Publisher
    Elsevier Inc.
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100845
    Abstract
    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating fatal neurodegenerative disease. An alternative to the amyloid cascade hypothesis is that a viral infection is key to the etiology of late-onset AD, with β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides playing a protective role. In the current study, young 5XFAD mice that overexpress mutant human amyloid precursor protein with the Swedish, Florida, and London familial AD mutations were infected with one of two strains of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), 17syn+ and McKrae, at three different doses. Contrary to previous work, 5XFAD genotype failed to protect mice against HSV-1 infection. The region- and cell-specific tropisms of HSV-1 were not affected by the 5XFAD genotype, indicating that host-pathogen interactions were not altered. 7- to 10-month old 5XFAD animals in which extracellular Aβ aggregates were abundant showed slightly better survival rate relative to their wild type (WT) littermates, although the difference was not statistically significant. In these 5XFAD mice, HSV-1 replication centers were partially excluded from the brain areas with high densities of Aβ aggregates. Aβ aggregates were free of HSV-1 viral particles, and the limited viral invasion to areas with a high density of Aβ aggregates was attributed to phagocytic activity of reactive microglia. In the oldest mice (12- to 15-months old), the survival rate did not differ between 5XFAD and WT littermates. While the current study questions the antiviral role of Aβ, it neither supports nor refutes the viral etiology hypothesis of late-onset AD.
    Rights/Terms
    Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
    Keyword
    5XFAD mice
    Alzheimer’s disease
    Amyloid Precursor Protein
    Aβ aggregates
    astrocytes
    herpes simplex virus 1
    microglia
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/15936
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100845
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