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    Immunopathology of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection: Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Response in Disease Progression

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    Author
    Khanam, Arshi
    Chua, Joel V.
    Kottilil, Shyam
    Date
    2021-05-23
    Journal
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115497
    Abstract
    More than 250 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B despite the availability of highly effective vaccines and oral antivirals. Although innate and adaptive immune cells play crucial roles in controlling hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, they are also accountable for inflammation and subsequently cause liver pathologies. During the initial phase of HBV infection, innate immunity is triggered leading to antiviral cytokines production, followed by activation and intrahepatic recruitment of the adaptive immune ersystem resulting in successful virus elimination. In chronic HBV infection, significant eralterations in both innate and adaptive immunity including expansion of regulatory cells, overexpression of co-inhibitory receptors, presence of abundant inflammatory mediators, and modifications in immune cell derived exosome release and function occurs, which overpower antiviral response leading to persistent viral infection and subsequent immune patholo-gies associated with disease progression towards fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge of innate and adaptive immune cells transformations that are associated with immunopathogenesis and disease outcome in CHB patients. © 2021 by the authors.
    Keyword
    Adaptive immune cells
    CHB
    Inflammation
    Innate immune cells
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/15869
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/ijms22115497
    Scopus Count
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