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    Association between mental health, caries experience and gingival health of adolescents in sub-urban Nigeria

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    Author
    El Tantawi, Maha
    Folayan, Morenike Oluwatoyin
    Oginni, Olakunle
    Adeniyi, Abiola Adetokunbo
    Mapayi, Boladale
    Yassin, Randa
    Chukwumah, Nneka M
    Sam-Agudu, Nadia A
    Date
    2021-04-30
    Journal
    BMC Oral Health
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01589-x
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: This study assessed the association of mental health problems and risk indicators of mental health problems with caries experience and moderate/severe gingivitis in adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Osun State, Nigeria. Data collected from 10 to 19-years-old adolescents between December 2018 and January 2019 were sociodemographic variables (age, sex, socioeconomic status); oral health indicators (tooth brushing, use of fluoridated toothpaste, consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals, dental services utilization, dental anxiety and plaque); mental health indicators (smoking habits, intake of alcohol and use of psychoactive drugs) and mental health problems (low and high). Gingival health (healthy gingiva/mild gingivitis versus moderate/severe gingivitis) and caries experience (present or absent) were also assessed. A series of five logistic regression models were constructed to determine the association between presence of caries experience and presence of moderate/severe gingivitis) with blocks of independent variables. The blocks were: model 1-sociodemographic factors; model 2-oral health indicators; model 3-mental health indicators and model 4-mental health problems. Model 5 included all factors from models 1 to 4. RESULTS: There were 1234 adolescents with a mean (SD) age of 14.6 (2.7) years. Also, 21.1% of participants had high risk of mental health problems, 3.7% had caries experience, and 8.1% had moderate/severe gingivitis. Model 5 had the best fit for the two dependent variables. The use of psychoactive substances (AOR 2.67; 95% CI 1.14, 6.26) was associated with significantly higher odds of caries experience. The frequent consumption of refined carbohydrates in-between-meals (AOR: 0.41; 95% CI 0.25, 0.66) and severe dental anxiety (AOR0.48; 95% CI 0.23, 0.99) were associated with significantly lower odds of moderate/severe gingivitis. Plaque was associated with significant higher odds of moderate/severe gingivitis (AOR 13.50; 95% CI 8.66, 21.04). High risk of mental health problems was not significantly associated with caries experience (AOR 1.84; 95% CI 0.97, 3.49) or moderate/severe gingivitis (AOR 0.80; 95% CI 0.45, 1.44). CONCLUSION: The association between mental problems and risk indicators with oral diseases in Nigerian adolescents indicates a need for integrated mental and oral health care to improve the wellbeing of adolescents.
    Keyword
    Adolescents
    Caries
    Gingivitis
    Mental health
    Nigeria
    Oral diseases
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/15562
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1186/s12903-021-01589-x
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