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    Human Resources for Health-Related Challenges to Ensuring Quality Newborn Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

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    Author
    Bolan, Nancy
    Cowgill, Karen D
    Walker, Karen
    Kak, Lily
    Shaver, Theresa
    Moxon, Sarah
    Lincetto, Ornella
    Date
    2021-03-31
    Journal
    Global Health, Science and Practice
    Publisher
    Global Health: Science and Practice (GHSP)
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00362
    Abstract
    Background: A critical shortage of health workers with needed maternal and newborn competencies remains a major challenge for the provision of quality care for mothers and newborns, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Supply-side challenges related to human resources for health (HRH) worsen shortages and can negatively affect health worker performance and quality of care. This review scoped country-focused sources to identify and map evidence on HRH-related challenges to quality facility-based newborn care provision by nurses and midwives. Methods: Evidence for this review was collected iteratively, beginning with pertinent World Health Organization documents and extending to articles identified via database and manual reference searches and country reports. Evidence from country-focused sources from 2000 onward was extracted using a data extraction tool that was designed iteratively; thematic analysis was used to map the 10 categories of HRH challenges. Findings: A total of 332 peer-reviewed articles were screened, of which 22 met inclusion criteria. Fourteen additional sources were added from manual reference search and gray literature sources. Evidence has been mapped into 10 categories of HRH-related challenges: (1) lack of health worker data and monitoring; (2) poor health worker preservice education; (3) lack of HW access to evidence-based practice guidelines, continuing education, and continuing professional development; (4) insufficient and inequitable distribution of health workers and heavy workload; (5) poor retention, absenteeism, and rotation of experienced staff; (6) poor work environment, including low salary; (7) limited and poor supervision; (8) low morale, motivation, and attitude, and job dissatisfaction; (9) weaknesses of policy, regulations, management, leadership, governance, and funding; and (10) structural and contextual barriers. Conclusion: The mapping provides needed insight that informed new World Health Organization strategies and supporting efforts to address the challenges identified and strengthen human resources for neonatal care, with the ultimate goal of improving newborn care and outcomes.
    Rights/Terms
    © Bolan et al.
    Keyword
    Developing Countries
    Healh Personnel
    Infant, Newborn
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/15441
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.9745/GHSP-D-20-00362
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