Profiling the Tox21 Chemical Collection for Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition
Author
Li, ShuaizhangZhao, Jinghua
Huang, Ruili
Travers, Jameson
Klumpp-Thomas, Carleen
Yu, Wenbo
MacKerell, Alexander D
Sakamuru, Srilatha
Ooka, Masato
Xue, Fengtian
Sipes, Nisha S
Hsieh, Jui-Hua
Ryan, Kristen
Simeonov, Anton
Santillo, Michael F
Xia, Menghang
Date
2021-04-12Journal
Environmental Health PerspectivesPublisher
National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesType
Article
Metadata
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Background: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a biomarker of organophosphorous and carbamate exposure in environmental and occupational human health, has been commonly used to identify potential safety liabilities. So far, many environmental chemicals, including drug candidates, food additives, and industrial chemicals, have not been thoroughly evaluated for their inhibitory effects on AChE activity. AChE inhibitors can have therapeutic applications (e.g., tacrine and donepezil) or neurotoxic consequences (e.g., insecticides and nerve agents). Objectives: The objective of the current study was to identify environmental chemicals that inhibit AChE activity using in vitro and in silico models. Methods: To identify AChE inhibitors rapidly and efficiently, we have screened the Toxicology in the 21st Century (Tox21) 10K compound library in a quantitative high-throughput screening (qHTS) platform by using the homogenous cell-based AChE inhibition assay and enzyme-based AChE inhibition assays (with or without microsomes). AChE inhibitors identified from the primary screening were further tested in monolayer or spheroid formed by SH-SY5Y and neural stem cell models. The inhibition and binding modes of these identified compounds were studied with time-dependent enzyme-based AChE inhibition assay and molecular docking, respectively. Results: A group of known AChE inhibitors, such as donepezil, ambenonium dichloride, and tacrine hydrochloride, as well as many previously unreported AChE inhibitors, such as chelerythrine chloride and cilostazol, were identified in this study. Many of these compounds, such as pyrazophos, phosalone, and triazophos, needed metabolic activation. This study identified both reversible (e.g., donepezil and tacrine) and irreversible inhibitors (e.g., chlorpyrifos and bromophos-ethyl). Molecular docking analyses were performed to explain the relative inhibitory potency of selected compounds. Conclusions: Our tiered qHTS approach allowed us to generate a robust and reliable data set to evaluate large sets of environmental compounds for their AChE inhibitory activity. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6993.Identifier to cite or link to this item
http://hdl.handle.net/10713/15406ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.1289/EHP6993
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