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    Key Population Hotspots in Nigeria for Targeted HIV Program Planning: Mapping, Validation, and Reconciliation.

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    Author
    Lo, Julia
    Nwafor, Samuel U
    Schwitters, Amee M
    Mitchell, Andrew
    Sebastian, Victor
    Stafford, Kristen A
    Ezirim, Idoteyin
    Charurat, Man
    McIntyre, Anne F
    Date
    2021-02-22
    Journal
    JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
    Publisher
    JMIR Publications Inc.
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.2196/25623
    Abstract
    Background: With the fourth highest HIV burden globally, Nigeria is characterized as having a mixed HIV epidemic with high HIV prevalence among key populations, including female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs. Reliable and accurate mapping of key population hotspots is necessary for strategic placement of services and allocation of limited resources for targeted interventions. Objective: We aimed to map and develop a profile for the hotspots of female sex workers, men who have sex with men, and people who inject drugs in 7 states of Nigeria to inform HIV prevention and service programs and in preparation for a multiple-source capture-recapture population size estimation effort. Methods: In August 2018, 261 trained data collectors from 36 key population–led community-based organizations mapped, validated, and profiled hotspots identified during the formative assessment in 7 priority states in Nigeria designated by the United States President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. Hotspots were defined as physical venues wherein key population members frequent to socialize, seek clients, or engage in key population–defining behaviors. Hotspots were visited by data collectors, and each hotspot’s name, local government area, address, type, geographic coordinates, peak times of activity, and estimated number of key population members was recorded. The number of key population hotspots per local government area was tabulated from the final list of hotspots. Results: A total of 13,899 key population hotspots were identified and mapped in the 7 states, that is, 1297 in Akwa Ibom, 1714 in Benue, 2666 in Cross River, 2974 in Lagos, 1550 in Nasarawa, 2494 in Rivers, and 1204 in Federal Capital Territory. The most common hotspots were those frequented by female sex workers (9593/13,899, 69.0%), followed by people who inject drugs (2729/13,899, 19.6%) and men who have sex with men (1577/13,899, 11.3%). Although hotspots were identified in all local government areas visited, more hotspots were found in metropolitan local government areas and state capitals. Conclusions: The number of key population hotspots identified in this study is more than that previously reported in similar studies in Nigeria. Close collaboration with key population–led community-based organizations facilitated identification of many new and previously undocumented key population hotspots in the 7 states. The smaller number of hotspots of men who have sex with men than that of female sex workers and that of people who inject drugs may reflect the social pressure and stigma faced by this population since the enforcement of the 2014 Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act, which prohibits engaging in intimate same-sex relationships, organizing meetings of gays, or patronizing gay businesses. © Julia Lo, Samuel U Nwafor, Amee M Schwitters, Andrew Mitchell, Victor Sebastian, Kristen A Stafford, Idoteyin Ezirim, Man Charurat, Anne F McIntyre.
    Rights/Terms
    ©Julia Lo, Samuel U Nwafor, Amee M Schwitters, Andrew Mitchell, Victor Sebastian, Kristen A Stafford, Idoteyin Ezirim, Man Charurat, Anne F McIntyre. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http://publichealth.jmir.org), 22.02.2021.
    Keyword
    HIV
    Nigeria
    female sex workers
    hotspot mapping
    key population
    men who have sex with men
    people who inject drugs
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/14926
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.2196/25623
    Scopus Count
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