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    Trends in Moral Injury, Distress, and Resilience Factors among Healthcare Workers at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

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    Author
    Hines, Stella E
    Chin, Katherine H
    Glick, Danielle R
    Wickwire, Emerson M
    Date
    2021-01-09
    Journal
    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020488
    Abstract
    The coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) pandemic has placed increased stress on healthcare workers (HCWs). While anxiety and post-traumatic stress have been evaluated in HCWs during previous pandemics, moral injury, a construct historically evaluated in military populations, has not. We hypothesized that the experience of moral injury and psychiatric distress among HCWs would increase over time during the pandemic and vary with resiliency factors. From a convenience sample, we performed an email-based, longitudinal survey of HCWs at a tertiary care hospital between March and July 2020. Surveys measured occupational and resilience factors and psychiatric distress and moral injury, assessed by the Impact of Events Scale-Revised and the Moral Injury Events Scale, respectively. Responses were assessed at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month time points. Moral injury remained stable over three months, while distress declined. A supportive workplace environment was related to lower moral injury whereas a stressful, less supportive environment was associated with increased moral injury. Distress was not affected by any baseline occupational or resiliency factors, though poor sleep at baseline predicted more distress. Overall, our data suggest that attention to improving workplace support and lowering workplace stress may protect HCWs from adverse emotional outcomes. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
    Keyword
    COVID-19
    PTSD
    burnout
    healthcare worker
    longitudinal
    moral injury
    physician
    resident
    resilience
    stress
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/14404
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/ijerph18020488
    Scopus Count
    Collections
    UMB Coronavirus Publications
    UMB Open Access Articles 2021

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