Extracellular Vesicles from Red Blood Cells and Their Evolving Roles in Health, Coagulopathy and Therapy
Date
2020-12-25Journal
International Journal of Molecular SciencesPublisher
MDPI AGType
ArticleOther
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Red blood cells (RBCs) release extracellular vesicles (EVs) including both endosome-de-rived exosomes and plasma-membrane-derived microvesicles (MVs). RBC-derived EVs (RBCEVs) are secreted during erythropoiesis, physiological cellular aging, disease conditions, and in response to environmental stressors. RBCEVs are enriched in various bioactive molecules that facilitate cell to cell communication and can act as markers of disease. RBCEVs contribute towards physiological adaptive responses to hypoxia as well as pathophysiological progression of diabetes and genetic non-malignant hematologic disease. Moreover, a considerable number of studies focus on the role of EVs from stored RBCs and have evaluated post transfusion consequences associated with their exposure. Interestingly, RBCEVs are important contributors toward coagulopathy in hematological disorders, thus representing a unique evolving area of study that can provide insights into molecular mechanisms that contribute toward dysregulated hemostasis associated with several disease conditions. Relevant work to this point provides a foundation on which to build further studies focused on unraveling the potential roles of RBCEVs in health and disease. In this review, we provide an analysis and summary of RBCEVs biogenesis, composition, and their biological function with a special emphasis on RBCEV pathophysiological contribution to coagulopathy. Further, we consider potential therapeutic applications of RBCEVs. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Keyword
cell-to-cell communicationcoagulopathy
exosomes
extracellular vesicles
homeostasis
microparticles
microvesicles
red blood cells
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http://hdl.handle.net/10713/14324ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3390/ijms22010153
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