The Key Roles of Interferon Lambda in Human Molecular Defense against Respiratory Viral Infections
Author
Lozhkov, Alexey AKlotchenko, Sergey A
Ramsay, Edward S
Moshkoff, Herman D
Moshkoff, Dmitry A
Vasin, Andrey V
Salvato, Maria S
Date
2020-11-26Journal
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)Publisher
MDPI AGType
ArticleOther
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Interferons (IFN) are crucial for the innate immune response. Slightly more than two decades ago, a new type of IFN was discovered: the lambda IFN (type III IFN). Like other IFN, the type III IFN display antiviral activity against a wide variety of infections, they induce expression of antiviral, interferon-stimulated genes (MX1, OAS, IFITM1), and they have immuno-modulatory activities that shape adaptive immune responses. Unlike other IFN, the type III IFN signal through distinct receptors is limited to a few cell types, primarily mucosal epithelial cells. As a consequence of their greater and more durable production in nasal and respiratory tissues, they can determine the outcome of respiratory infections. This review is focused on the role of IFN-λ in the pathogenesis of respiratory viral infections, with influenza as a prime example. The influenza virus is a major public health problem, causing up to half a million lethal infections annually. Moreover, the virus has been the cause of four pandemics over the last century. Although IFN-λ are increasingly being tested in antiviral therapy, they can have a negative influence on epithelial tissue recovery and increase the risk of secondary bacterial infections. Therefore, IFN-λ expression deserves increased scrutiny as a key factor in the host immune response to infection.Keyword
influenzainnate immunity
interferon stimulated genes
interferons-α/β
interferons-λ
respiratory viruses
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http://hdl.handle.net/10713/14178ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
10.3390/pathogens9120989
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