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    Cartilaginous fish class II genes reveal unprecedented old allelic lineages and confirm the late evolutionary emergence of DM

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    Author
    Almeida, Tereza
    Gaigher, Arnaud
    Muñoz-Mérida, Antonio
    Neves, Fabiana
    Castro, L Filipe C
    Flajnik, Martin F
    Ohta, Yuko
    Esteves, Pedro J
    Veríssimo, Ana
    Date
    2020-10-27
    Journal
    Molecular Immunology
    Publisher
    Elsevier Ltd.
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2020.10.003
    Abstract
    Cartilaginous fish (chimaeras, rays and sharks) are the most basal extant jawed vertebrates with an adaptive immune system based on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC). Despite being a key taxon in the evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity, no comprehensive characterization of MHC class II genes has been undertaken for the group. We performed extensive bioinformatic searches on a taxonomically diverse dataset of transcriptomes and genomes of cartilaginous fish targeting MHC class II sequences. Class IIα and IIβ sequences were retrieved from all taxa analyzed and showed typical features of classical class II genes. Phylogenetic trees of the immunoglobulin superfamily domain showed two divergent and remarkably ancient lineages of class II genes in Selachians (sharks), originating >350 million years ago. Close linkage of lineage-specific pairs of IIα and IIβ genes was found, confirming previous results, with genes from distinct lineages segregating as alleles. Nonclassical class II DM sequences were not retrieved from these data and classical class II sequences lacked the conserved residues shown to interact with DM molecules, supporting claims that the DM system arose only in the lobe-finned fish lineage leading to tetrapods. Based on our search methods, other divergent class II genes are unlikely in cartilaginous fish.
    Rights/Terms
    Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
    Keyword
    Adaptive immunity
    Antigen presentation
    Basal jawed vertebrates
    MHC
    Sharks and rays
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/14026
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.molimm.2020.10.003
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