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    Brain tumor-derived extracellular vesicles as carriers of disease markers: Molecular chaperones and micrornas

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    Author
    Vitale, Alessandra Maria
    Santonocito, Radha
    Vergilio, Giuseppe
    Gammazza, Antonella Marino
    Campanella, Claudia
    de Macario, Everly Conway
    Bucchieri, Fabio
    Macario, Alberto J.L.
    Bavisotto, Celeste Caruso
    Date
    2020-10-01
    Journal
    Applied Sciences (Switzerland)
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196961
    Abstract
    Primary and metastatic brain tumors are usually serious conditions with poor prognosis, which reveal the urgent need of developing rapid diagnostic tools and efficacious treatments. To achieve these objectives, progress must be made in the understanding of brain tumor biology, for example, how they resist natural defenses and therapeutic intervention. One resistance mechanism involves extracellular vesicles that are released by tumors to meet target cells nearby or distant via circulation and reprogram them by introducing their cargo. This consists of different molecules among which are microRNAs (miRNAs) and molecular chaperones, the focus of this article. miRNAs modify target cells in the immune system to avoid antitumor reaction and chaperones are key survival molecules for the tumor cell. Extracellular vesicles cargo reflects the composition and metabolism of the original tumor cell; therefore, it is a source of markers, including the miRNAs and chaperones discussed in this article, with potential diagnostic and prognostic value. This and their relatively easy availability by minimally invasive procedures (e.g., drawing venous blood) illustrate the potential of extracellular vesicles as useful materials to manage brain tumor patients. Furthermore, understanding extracellular vesicles circulation and interaction with target cells will provide the basis for using this vesicle for delivering therapeutic compounds to selected tumor cells. © 2020 by the authors.
    Sponsors
    This work was funded in part by the Italian National Operational Programme (PON) «Imprese e Competitività» 2014-2020 FESR, grant awarded by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development to the project titled «Gestione di un servizio integrato multicentrico di diagnostica e terapia personalizzata in oncologia» (Project code: F/090012/01-02/X36). A.J.L.M and E.C.d.M. were partially supported by IMET and IEMEST. This is IMET contribution number IMET 20-019.
    Keyword
    Brain tumors
    Diagnostic tools
    Drug delivery
    Extracellular vesicles
    MiRNA
    Molecular chaperones
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13946
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/app10196961
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2020

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