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    Prevalence and trends of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors among US adults: An analysis of NHANES 2003-18

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    Author
    Kibria, Gulam Muhammed Al
    Crispen, Reese
    Date
    2020-12-01
    Journal
    Preventive Medicine Reports
    Publisher
    Elsevier Ltd.
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101193
    Abstract
    Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortalities, morbidities, and health-care costs in the United States; however, limited number of recent studies estimated the burden of CKD and its risk factors together. This cross-sectional study estimated the age-adjusted prevalence and trends of CKD and its risk factors, and the prevalence and trends of CKD according to presence of risk factors. We analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–18 data. Individuals aged ≥20 years with albumin-creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g or glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were considered to have CKD. Following variables were considered as risk factors: hypertension, diabetes, high total cholesterol, high triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), obesity, abdominal obesity, insufficient aerobic physical activity (PA), and current tobacco smoking. Trends were compared by chi-square tests. The age-adjusted prevalence (95% confidence interval) for CKD was 14.1% (13.1%–15.0%), 13.0% (12.3%–13.8%), 14.0% (13.0%–15.1%), and 13.3% (12.3%–14.4%) in 2003–06, 2007–10, 2011–14, and 2015–18, respectively (p[trend] = 0.24, N = 39569). This prevalence change was also minimal for most CKD stages. Non-Hispanic blacks and low-income people had a higher prevalence than all other races/ethnicities and income groups in most periods. Among risk factors, the prevalence of diabetes, high triglyceride, high total cholesterol, low HDL, obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome increased (p[trend] <0.05). The prevalence of hypertension remained static. The prevalence of current tobacco smoking and insufficient aerobic PA declined. The age-adjusted prevalence of CKD has plateaued; however, the prevalence of some risk factors is increasing. Reducing the burden of these risk factors is also essential to reduce the prevalence of CKD. © 2020 The Authors
    Keyword
    Chronic kidney disease
    Prevalence
    Risk factors
    Trends
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13933
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101193
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2020

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