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    Regulating oral biofilm from cariogenic state to non-cariogenic state via novel combination of bioactive therapeutic composite and gene-knockout

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    Author
    Chen, Hong
    Yang, Yingming
    Weir, Michael D.
    Dai, Quan
    Lei, Lei
    Homayounfar, Negar
    Oates, Thomas W.
    Yang, Kai
    Zhang, Ke
    Hu, Tao
    Xu, Hockin H.K.
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    Date
    2020-09-01
    Journal
    Microorganisms
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091410
    Abstract
    The objectives were to investigate a novel combination of gene-knockout with antimicrobial dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) composite in regulating oral biofilm from a cariogenic state toward a non-cariogenic state. A tri-species biofilm model included cariogenic Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), and non-cariogenic Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) and Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii). Biofilm colony-forming-units (CFUs), lactic acid and polysaccharide production were measured. TaqMan real-time-polymerase-chain reaction was used to determine the percentage of each species in biofilm. The rnc gene-knockout for S. mutans with DMAHDM composite reduced biofilm CFU by five logs, compared to control (p < 0.05). Using parent S. mutans, an overwhelming S. mutans percentage of 68.99% and 69.00% existed in biofilms on commercial composite and 0% DMAHDM composite, respectively. In sharp contrast, with a combination of S. mutans rnc knockout and DMAHDM composite, the cariogenic S. mutans percentage in biofilm was reduced to only 6.33%. Meanwhile, the non-cariogenic S. sanguinis + S. gordonii percentage was increased to 93.67%. Therefore, combining rnc-knockout with bioactive and therapeutic dental composite achieved the greatest reduction in S. mutans, and the greatest increase in non-cariogenic species, thereby yielding the least lactic acid-production. This novel method is promising to obtain wide applications to regulate biofilms and inhibit dental caries.
    Sponsors
    This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 81771068 (Y.Y.), grants from Applied basic research of Sichuan Province 2018JY0580 (Y.Y.), Capital?s Funds for Health Improvement and Research CFH2020-2-2142 (K.Z.), Beijing Hospitals Authority Ascent Plan DFL20191501 (K.Y.), a seed grant from the University of Maryland Baltimore (H.H.K.X.), and a bridge grant from the University of Maryland School of Dentistry (H.H.K.X.).
    Keyword
    Bioactive composite
    Biofilm–material interactions
    Dental caries
    Multi-species biofilm
    Regulating biofilm composition
    S. mutansrnc gene-knockout
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13751
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/microorganisms8091410
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