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    Differential contribution of Anopheles coustani and Anopheles arabiensis to the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in two neighbouring villages of Madagascar

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    Author
    Goupeyou-Youmsi, Jessy
    Rakotondranaivo, Tsiriniaina
    Puchot, Nicolas
    Peterson, Ingrid
    Girod, Romain
    Vigan-Womas, Inès
    Paul, Richard
    Ndiath, Mamadou Ousmane
    Bourgouin, Catherine
    Date
    2020-08-26
    Journal
    Parasites and Vectors
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-020-04282-0
    Abstract
    BACKGROUND: Malaria is still a heavy public health concern in Madagascar. Few studies combining parasitology and entomology have been conducted despite the need for accurate information to design effective vector control measures. In a Malagasy region of moderate to intense transmission of both Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax, parasitology and entomology have been combined to survey malaria transmission in two nearby villages. METHODS: Community-based surveys were conducted in the villages of Ambohitromby and Miarinarivo at three time points (T1, T2 and T3) during a single malaria transmission season. Human malaria prevalence was determined by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and real-time PCR. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing catches and pyrethrum spray catches and the presence of Plasmodium sporozoites was assessed by TaqMan assay. RESULTS: Malaria prevalence was not significantly different between villages, with an average of 8.0% by RDT, 4.8% by microscopy and 11.9% by PCR. This was mainly due to P. falciparum and to a lesser extent to P. vivax. However, there was a significantly higher prevalence rate as determined by PCR at T2 ([Formula: see text] = 7.46, P = 0.025). Likewise, mosquitoes were significantly more abundant at T2 ([Formula: see text] = 64.8, P < 0.001), especially in Ambohitromby. At T1 and T3 mosquito abundance was higher in Miarinarivo than in Ambohitromby ([Formula: see text] = 14.92, P < 0.001). Of 1550 Anopheles mosquitoes tested, 28 (1.8%) were found carrying Plasmodium sporozoites. The entomological inoculation rate revealed that Anopheles coustani played a major contribution in malaria transmission in Miarinarivo, being responsible of 61.2 infective bites per human (ib/h) during the whole six months of the survey, whereas, it was An. arabiensis, with 36 ib/h, that played that role in Ambohitromby. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a similar malaria prevalence in two nearby villages, the entomological survey showed a different contribution of An. coustani and An. arabiensis to malaria transmission in each village. Importantly, the suspected secondary malaria vector An. coustani, was found playing the major role in malaria transmission in one village. This highlights the importance of combining parasitology and entomology surveys for better targeting local malaria vectors. Such study should contribute to the malaria pre-elimination goal established under the 2018-2022 National Malaria Strategic Plan.
    Keyword
    Andriba
    Anopheles arabiensis
    Anopheles coustani
    Madagascar
    Plasmodium falciparum
    Plasmodium vivax
    Vector biology dynamics
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13661
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1186/s13071-020-04282-0
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2020

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