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    Tobacco Hornworm (Manduca sexta) caterpillars as a novel host model for the study of fungal virulence and drug efficacy

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    Author
    Lyons, Naomi
    Softley, Isabel
    Balfour, Andrew
    Williamson, Carolyn
    O’Brien, Heath E.
    Shetty, Amol C.
    Bruno, Vincent M.
    Diezmann, Stephanie
    Date
    2020-01-01
    Journal
    Virulence
    Publisher
    Taylor and Francis Inc.
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2020.1806665
    Abstract
    The two leading yeast pathogens of humans, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, cause systemic infections in >1.4 million patients worldwide with mortality rates approaching 75%. It is thus imperative to study fungal virulence mechanisms, efficacy of antifungal drugs, and host response pathways. While this is commonly done in mammalian models, which are afflicted by ethical and practical concerns, invertebrate models, such as wax moth larvae and nematodes have been introduced over the last two decades. To complement existing invertebrate host models, we developed fifth instar caterpillars of the Tobacco Hornworm moth Manduca sexta as a novel host model. These caterpillars can be maintained at 37°C, are suitable for injections with defined amounts of yeast cells, and are susceptible to the most threatening yeast pathogens, including C. albicans, C. neoformans, C. auris, and C. glabrata. Importantly, fungal burden can be assessed daily throughout the course of infection in a single caterpillar’s feces and hemolymph. Infected caterpillars can be rescued by treatment with antifungal drugs. Notably, these animals are large enough for weight to provide a reliable and reproducible measure of fungal disease and to facilitate host tissue-specific expression analyses. M. sexta caterpillars combine a suite of parameters that make them suitable for the study of fungal virulence. © 2020 The Authors.
    Sponsors
    European Research Council
    Keyword
    antifungal drug
    Candida
    caterpillar
    Cryptococcus
    fungal burden
    fungal virulence
    host model
    Manduca sexta
    Metschnikowia
    Saccharomyces
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13633
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1080/21505594.2020.1806665
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