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    Role of Pyroptosis in Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries

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    Author
    Hu, X.
    Chen, H.
    Xu, H.
    Date
    2020
    Journal
    International journal of biological sciences
    Publisher
    Ivyspring International Publisher
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45467
    Abstract
    Central nervous system (CNS) trauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI), remains a leading cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Past research has shown that cell death plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of CNS injuries. More recently, pyroptosis has been identified as a form of programmed inflammatory cell death, and it is a unique form of cell death in various aspects. Mechanistically, pyroptosis can be categorized into canonical (mediated by caspase-1) and non-canonical (mediated by caspase-4/5/11). In canonical pyroptosis, Nod-like receptors (NLRs) inflammasomes play a critical role, and their activation promotes the maturation and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1?/18 (IL-1?/18), cleavage of gasdermin D (GSDMD), and ultimately pyroptotic cell death. Despite a plethora of new knowledge regarding pyroptosis, detailed understanding of how pyroptosis is involved in CNS injuries and possible ways to improve clinical outcomes following CNS injuries remain elusive. This review discusses the current knowledge on how pyroptosis is involved in CNS injuries, focusing on new discoveries regarding how pyroptosis activation occurs, differences between CNS cell types following injury, time-course of inflammatory responses, and key regulatory steps of pyroptosis. In addition, we highlight various investigational agents that are capable of regulating key steps in pyroptotic cell death, and we discuss how these agents may be used as therapies to improve outcomes following CNS trauma. CopyrightThe author(s).
    Keyword
    Cell death
    Inflammasomes
    Pyroptosis
    Spinal cord injury
    Traumatic brain injury
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086686282&doi=10.7150%2fijbs.45467&partnerID=40&md5=7d5fc14c9cf6b58d9c047c6b8bbdb63c; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13199
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.7150/ijbs.45467
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2020

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