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    Risk1, a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Effector, Promotes Rickettsia typhi Intracellular Survival

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    Author
    Voss, O.H.
    Gillespie, J.J.
    Lehman, S.S.
    Rennoll, S.A.
    Beier-Sexton, M.
    Rahman, M.S.
    Azad, A.F.
    Date
    2020
    Journal
    mBio
    Publisher
    American Society for Microbiology
    Type
    Article
    
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    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.00820-20
    Abstract
    To establish a habitable intracellular niche, various pathogenic bacteria secrete effectors that target intracellular trafficking and modulate phosphoinositide (PI) metabolism. Murine typhus, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Rickettsia typhi, remains a severe disease in humans. However, the mechanisms by which R. typhi effector molecules contribute to internalization by induced phagocytosis and subsequent phagosomal escape into the cytosol to facilitate the intracellular growth of the bacteria remain ill-defined. Here, we characterize a new molecule, Risk1, as a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) secreted effector and the first bacterial secretory kinase with both class I and III PI3K activities. Inactivation of Risk1 PI3K activities reduced the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate within the host, which consequently diminished host colonization by R. typhi During infection, Risk1 targets the Rab5-EEA1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] signaling axis to promote bacterial phagosomal escape. Subsequently, R. typhi undergoes ubiquitination and induces host autophagy; however, maturation to autolysosomes is subverted to support intracellular growth. Intriguingly, only enzymatically active Risk1 binds the Beclin-1 core complex and contributes to R. typhi-induced autophagosome formation. In sum, our data suggest that Risk1, with dual class I and class III PI3K activities, alters host PI metabolism and consequently subverts intracellular trafficking to facilitate intracellular growth of R. typhiIMPORTANCERickettsia species are Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacteria that infect a wide range of eukaryotes and vertebrates. In particular, human body louse-borne Rickettsia prowazekii and flea-borne Rickettsia typhi have historically plagued humankind and continue to reemerge globally. The unavailability of vaccines and limited effectiveness of antibiotics late in infection place lethality rates up to 30%, highlighting the need to elucidate the mechanisms of Rickettsia pathogenicity in greater detail. Here, we characterize a new effector, Risk1, as a secreted phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) with unique dual class I and class III activities. Risk1 is required for host colonization, and its vacuolar phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate generation modulates endosomal trafficking to arrest autophagosomal maturation. Collectively, Risk1 facilitates R. typhi growth by altering phosphoinositide metabolism and subverting intracellular trafficking. Copyright 2020 Voss et al.
    Keyword
    autophagosomal maturation
    bacterial escape
    Beclin-1
    EEA1
    endosomal trafficking
    LC3b
    phagosome escape
    phosphoinositide metabolism
    R. typhi
    Rab5
    Risk1
    ubiquitin
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    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086686215&doi=10.1128%2fmBio.00820-20&partnerID=40&md5=54baf75484938dca027a9ad124e84a40; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13185
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1128/mBio.00820-20
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