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    Sex Differences in Urate Handling

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    Author
    Halperin, Kuhns, V.L.
    Woodward, O.M.
    Date
    2020
    Journal
    International journal of molecular sciences
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124269
    Abstract
    Hyperuricemia, or elevated serum urate, causes urate kidney stones and gout and also increases the incidence of many other conditions including renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome. As we gain mechanistic insight into how urate contributes to human disease, a clear sex difference has emerged in the physiological regulation of urate homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of urate as a disease risk factor and how being of the female sex appears protective. Further, we review the mechanisms of renal handling of urate and the significant contributions from powerful genome-wide association studies of serum urate. We also explore the role of sex in the regulation of specific renal urate transporters and the power of new animal models of hyperuricemia to inform on the role of sex and hyperuricemia in disease pathogenesis. Finally, we advocate the use of sex differences in urate handling as a potent tool in gaining a further understanding of physiological regulation of urate homeostasis and for presenting new avenues for treating the constellation of urate related pathologies.
    Keyword
    ABCG2
    gout
    serum urate
    sex differences
    SLC2A9
    URAT1
    uric acid
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086754027&doi=10.3390%2fijms21124269&partnerID=40&md5=dd09c7345fabdc282ae1bc29a8383207; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13184
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/ijms21124269
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