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    Dementia, Depression, and Associated Brain Inflammatory Mechanisms after Spinal Cord Injury

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    Author
    Li, Y.
    Cao, T.
    Ritzel, R.M.
    He, J.
    Faden, A.I.
    Wu, J.
    Date
    2020
    Journal
    Cells
    Publisher
    MDPI AG
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9061420
    Abstract
    Evaluation of the chronic effects of spinal cord injury (SCI) has long focused on sensorimotor deficits, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, loss of sexual function, and emotional distress. Although not well appreciated clinically, SCI can cause cognitive impairment including deficits in learning and memory, executive function, attention, and processing speed; it also commonly leads to depression. Recent large-scale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that patients with isolated SCI (without concurrent brain injury) are at a high risk of dementia associated with substantial cognitive impairments. Yet, little basic research has addressed potential mechanisms for cognitive impairment and depression after injury. In addition to contributing to disability in their own right, these changes can adversely affect rehabilitation and recovery and reduce quality of life. Here, we review clinical and experimental work on the complex and varied responses in the brain following SCI. We also discuss potential mechanisms responsible for these less well-examined, important SCI consequences. In addition, we outline the existing and developing therapeutic options aimed at reducing SCI-induced brain neuroinflammation and post-injury cognitive and emotional impairments.
    Keyword
    brain
    cognition
    dementia
    depression
    neuroinflammation
    spinal cord injury
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85086355175&doi=10.3390%2fcells9061420&partnerID=40&md5=cef91f63dd46487c5f4f7b1c05059d79; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13127
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.3390/cells9061420
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