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    Androgens and the developing hippocampus

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    Author
    Kight, K.E.
    McCarthy, M.M.
    Date
    2020
    Journal
    Biology of sex differences
    Publisher
    Springer Nature
    Type
    Article
    
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    See at
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-020-00307-6
    Abstract
    The hippocampus is central to spatial learning and stress responsiveness, both of which differ in form and function in males versus females, yet precisely how the hippocampus contributes to these sex differences is largely unknown. In reproductively mature individuals, sex differences in the steroid hormone milieu undergirds many sex differences in hippocampal-related endpoints. However, there is also evidence for developmental programming of adult hippocampal function, with a central role for androgens as well as their aromatized byproduct, estrogens. These include sex differences in cell genesis, synapse formation, dendritic arborization, and excitatory/inhibitory balance. Enduring effects of steroid hormone modulation occur during two developmental epochs, the first being the classic perinatal critical period of sexual differentiation of the brain and the other being adolescence and the associated hormonal changes of puberty. The cellular mechanisms by which steroid hormones enduringly modify hippocampal form and function are poorly understood, but we here review what is known and highlight where attention should be focused.
    Keyword
    Estrogens
    Neurogenesis
    Spatial learning
    Synaptogenesis
    Testosterone
    Identifier to cite or link to this item
    https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85085909365&doi=10.1186%2fs13293-020-00307-6&partnerID=40&md5=bcdb32643325a88739d5affe014885a8; http://hdl.handle.net/10713/13085
    ae974a485f413a2113503eed53cd6c53
    10.1186/s13293-020-00307-6
    Scopus Count
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    UMB Open Access Articles 2020

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